Evaluation and Correlation of the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment and Rapid Office Strain Assessment Methods for Predicting the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background: During the last two decades, the scale of computer use has been surprisingly increased. In 2000, 80% of workers stated that they use computer in their daily activities. The tendency to use computer is accompanied with healthy risk and the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders between 10 to 60 percent of computer users. Aims to study, risk assessment by RULA and ROSA methods, surveying the correlation of these methods, and evaluating the prediction ability of these methods in the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders among office workers.Methods: This analytic-descriptive study performed at Behbahan University of Medical Sciences and Imam Khomeini port office in 2016. The sample consists of 236 office workers through simple random sampling method. Body map questionnaire as well as RULA and ROSA checklists were used for data collection. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS software, version 22, and statistical tests including one way ANOVA, Pearson, and Chi-square.Results: The results demonstrated that most of the musculoskeletal disorders are related to trunk, neck and back regions by 40.4%, 39.7%, and 35.4% respectively. The furthest risk distribution in ROSA method is at warning level (67.2%) and at high and very high levels in RULA method (62%). Pearson Test showed a positive significant correlation between these methods (P<0.05). Chi-square Test revealed a significant correlation between musculoskeletal disorders in upper and lower limb with RULA method (P<0.05), but there was no significant relationship with ROSA method (p>0.05). One way ANOVA statistical test divulged a significant relationship between risk of musculoskeletal disorders and gender (P<0.05), but did not find a significant relationship with job experience and education (p>0.05).Conclusion: Due of the weak correlation between RULA and ROSA, it can't be surely stated that one may be used as an alternative to the other; however, RULA is better than ROSA to predict the risk of musculoskeletal disorders

The association between anemia and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The association between anemia and postpartum depression (PPD) has been reported to be controversial in different studies. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of anemia and PPD. Methods: This review study was conducted according to the MOOSE protocol and results have been reported according to the PRISMA guideline. We searched epidemiologic studies published until January 2018 in nine English databases including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EBSCO and Google Scholar using English MeSH keywords. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the Cochran’s Q test and I2 index. Data were analyzed using a random effects model and comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software version 2. Results: In the 10 studies, the association between postpartum anemia and PPD was significant (heterogeneity test: P<0.001, I2=74.62), and RR=1.887 (95CI: 1.255-2.838, P=0.002). In 8 studies, anemia during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of postpartum depression (heterogeneity test: P=0.116, I2=36.422), RR=1.240 (1.001-1.536, P=0.048). The subgroup analysis of postpartum anemia and PPD was not significant for the variables of quality of studies, study design, and the period of evaluating depression and anemia. The subgroup analysis of anemia during pregnancy and PPD was not significant for the period of evaluating depression. Publication bias did not affect the results of the studies. Conclusion: Meta-analysis results showed anemia during pregnancy and after pregnancy that significantly increased the risk of postpartum depression. Therefore, prevention, identification and treatment of anemia in pregnant women seem necessary

Epidemiology of hepatitis B in pregnant Iranian women:a systematic review and meta?analysis

Abstract Perinatal transmission is one of the most commonroutes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. Thisstudy aims to identify the epidemiological features of HBVamong pregnant Iranian women. This study followed thePreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Two authors independentlysearched several online databases without time limit untilMay 2017. The databases include Magiran, Iranmedex,SID, Medlib, IranDoc, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct,Cochrane, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The datawere analyzed based on a random-effects model using ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis software version 2. Thirty-sevenstudies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalenceof HBV among pregnant Iranian women was 1.18% (95%CI: 0.09%-1.53%). The prevalence of HBV among pregnantwomen living in urban and rural areas was 1.60% (95% CI:0.06%-4.30%) and 1.70% (95% CI: 0.09%-3.2%), respectively.The prevalence of HBV among housewives andworking pregnant women was 4.3% (95% CI: 1.4%-12.5%)and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.02%-5.8%), respectively. The risk of developing an HBV infection was significantly associatedwith illiteracy (p = 0.013), abortion (p = 0.001), blood transfusion(p < 0.001) and addicted spouse (p = 0.045). However,no significant relationship was observed between HBVinfection and urbanization (p = 0.65), occupation (p = 0.37),history of surgery (p = 0.32) or tattooing (p = 0.69). Vaccinationcoverage (receiving at least a single dose) in pregnantwomen was 9.8% (95% CI: 5.3%-17.5%). The prevalenceof HBV among pregnant women is lower than in the generalpopulation of Iran. HBV vaccination coverage was lowamong pregnant Iranian women. Therefore, health policymakersare recommended to enforce immunization programsfor HBV vaccination among high-risk pregnant women

Survey of Compliance with Radiation Protection Standards in Diagnostic Imaging Centers of Khuzestan Province in 2015

Introduction and purpose: The growing use of ionizing radiation in disease&nbsp;diagnosis necessitaes the appropriate use of devices and awareness regarding&nbsp;the principles of radiation protection. With appropriate adoption of personal&nbsp;protection equipment and compliance with the existing regulations in relation to&nbsp;protection of the buildings where sources of ionizing radiation are located in, the&nbsp;adverse effects of radiation can be curtailed to a great extent. Methods: In this descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study, we investigated&nbsp;the rate of compliance with radiation protection standards of 45 radiography rooms in 32 diagnostic imaging centers in Khuzestan Province, Iran, 2015. The&nbsp;centers were chosen through random cluster sampling method. The data were&nbsp;obtained using open-ended interview and a checklist designed based on the&nbsp;recommendations of the International Commission for Radiation Protection and&nbsp;Atomic Energy Organization of Iran.&nbsp;Results: The compliance rates with regard to radiology room, radiology equipment,&nbsp;darkroom, and radiographer&rsquo;s protection were 80.76%, 80.47%, 69.28%, and&nbsp;93.12%, respectively. Maximum and minimum rates of compliance with the&nbsp;standards were related to performance of the cassette tray (100%) and hopper&nbsp;status (25%), respectively. Comparison of public and private imaging centers in&nbsp;terms of safety standards showed no significant differences (P>0.05).Conclusion: The observance of the radiation protection standards in Khuzestan&nbsp;Province was in a relativly desirable condition. However, there are some&nbsp;shortcomings in compliance with the principles of protection in the darkroom.&nbsp;In this regard, with recommend adopting protection measures such as timelyreplacement of processing solution, appropriate ventilation of darkroom, provisionof protection equipment and appliances, and protection training required for&nbsp;entering the darkroom

Effect of Back Pain on Occupational Stress among White-collar Workers

Introduction and purpose: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in&nbsp;stressful jobs is very high. The people suffering from these disorders have low&nbsp;decision-making ability and perceived social support, while they have high&nbsp;physical and psychological job requirements. Regarding this, the present study&nbsp;was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of waist and back pain on&nbsp;occupational stress.&nbsp;Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 employees&nbsp;of Abadan Ports and Marine Administration in 2016. The study population was&nbsp;selected through random sampling method. The data were collected using Health&nbsp;and Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator and Body Discomfort&nbsp;Chart. Data analysis was&nbsp; performed using descriptive (i.e., frequency andpercentage) and inferential statistics (i.e., t-test) in SPSS version 18.&nbsp;Results: According to the findings, 50% and 31% of the participants had&nbsp;experienced waist and back pain, respectively. The highest and lowest stress&nbsp;levels in this study were related to role (77%) and communication (2.32%),&nbsp;respectively. The results of the t-test revealed a significant difference between&nbsp;the people with waist pain and those without such pain in terms of peer support,&nbsp;role, communication, and variations (P<0.05).&nbsp;Conclusion: As the findings of the present study indicated, back pain and stress&nbsp;had high prevalence among the white-collar workers. Back pain can be an effective&nbsp;factor on the stress level of the office workers

Vitamin D Status in Pregnant Women and Their Newborns in Karaj: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

Background Pregnant women and newborns are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to determine the vitamin D status in pregnant women andtheir newborns in Karaj, Iran. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2014 to October 2015. A total of 151 pregnant women and 154 newborns (three twin cases) were included in the study. After obtaining 5 ml venous blood samples from mothers and 5 ml blood from the umbilical cord of newborns, 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured by ELISA method. Serum level of 25(OH)D below 20 ng/ml was considered deficiency, 21-29 ng/ml was considered insufficient and 30-100 ng/ml was considered sufficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.0. Results The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its insufficiency was 93.5% and 6.5% for pregnant women, 94.2% and 3.9% for newborns, respectively. The mean 25(OH)D concentration in pregnant women and newborns was estimated to be 10.649±5.967 ng/ml and 10.574±6.280 ng/ml, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the mean 25(OH)D concentration in mothers and their newborns (r=0.913 and

Association of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Febrile Seizure in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Current findings suggest that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) may be a predisposing factor for febrile seizure (FS), while some studies show the lower prevalence of IDA in the children with FS.The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the association between IDA and FS. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed using MeSH keywords in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar without time limit until 2017. Cochrane test and I2 index were used for the evaluation of heterogeneity among the retrieved studies. Data analysis was performed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 2. Results: In total, 38 studies conducted on 3,738 cases and 3,720 controls were reviewed in this meta-analysis. Considering the significant heterogeneity (I2=87.981;

Prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) refers to the developmental disorder of the retina in premature infants and is one of the most serious and most dangerous complications in premature infants. The prevalence of ROP in Iran is different in various parts of Iran and its prevalence is reported to be 1–70% in different regions. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of ROP in Iran. Methods This review article was conducted based on the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocols. To find literature about ROP in Iran, a comprehensive search was done using MeSH keywords in several online databases such as PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, EBSCO, Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Medlib, IranDoc, as well as the Google Scholar search engine until May 2017. Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software (CMA) Version 2 was used for data analysis. Results According to 42 studies including 18,000 premature infants, the prevalence of ROP was reported to be 23.5% (95% CI: 20.4–26.8) in Iran. The prevalence of ROP stages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 was 7.9% (95% CI: 5.3–11.5), 9.7% (95% CI: 6.1–15.3), 2.8% (95% CI: 1.6–4.9), 2.9% (95% CI: 1.9–4.5) and 3.6% (95% CI: 2.4–5.2), respectively. The prevalence of ROP in Iranian girls and boys premature infants was 18.3% (95% CI: 12.8–25.4) and 18.9% (95% CI: 11.9–28.5), respectively. The lowest prevalence of ROP was in the West of Iran (12.3% [95% CI: 7.6–19.1]), while the highest prevalence was associated with the Center of Iran (24.9% [95% CI: 21.8–28.4]). The prevalence of ROP is increasing according to the year of study, and this relationship is not significant (p = 0.181). The significant risk factors for ROP were small gestational age (p < 0.001), low birth weight (p < 0.001), septicemia (p = 0.021), respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.036), intraventricular hemorrhage (p = 0.005), continuous positive pressure ventilation (p = 0.023), saturation above 50% (p = 0.023), apnea (p = 0.002), frequency and duration of blood transfusion, oxygen therapy and phototherapy (p < 0.05), whereas pre-eclampsia decreased the prevalence of ROP (p = 0.014). Conclusion Considering the high prevalence of ROP in Iran, screening and close supervision by experienced ophthalmologists to diagnose and treat the common complications of pre-maturity and prevent visual impairment or blindness is necessary

The relation of maternal hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy on preterm birth: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The clinical consequences of hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy such as preterm birth are not still clear. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the relation of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy and preterm birth. Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis were utilized. Searching the 83Tcohort studies83T were done by two researchers independently without any restrictions on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCO and Google Scholar databases up to 2017. The heterogeneity of the studies was checked by the Cochran's Q test and IP2P index. Both random and fixed-effects models were used for combining the relative risk and 95% confidence intervals. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2. Results: Twenty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The relative risks of the clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy on preterm birth was estimated 1.30 (95% CI: 1.05-1.61, p=0.013, involving 20079 cases and 2452817 controls), 1.36 (95% CI: 1.09-1.68, p=0.005, involving 3580 cases and 64885 controls) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.04-1.66, p=0.020, involving 1078 cases and 44377 controls), respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of preterm birth was higher among mothers with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy compared to euthyroid mothers, and these relations were significant. Therefore, 83Tgynecologists and endocrinologists83T should manage these patients to control the incidence of 83Tadverse pregnancy outcomes83T such as preterm birth