Evaluation of Anteroposterior Lip Positions in the Most-Favored Iranian Facial Profiles Using Silhouette

Objective: One of the most important goals of orthodontic treatment is to create an esthetic, well balanced facial profile. However, the components of a wellbalanced Iranian facial profile have not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anteroposterior lip position of the Iranian population and to compare the perception of orthodontists, dental students and orthodontic patients using a series of silhouettes with varying anteroposterior lip positions. Materials and Methods: Average female and male silhouette profiles were constructed from the profiles of 30 Iranian men and women with a normal skeletal relationship. The lips in each average profile were protruded or retruded in 2-mm increments and the 7 images were arranged randomly. Thirty orthodontists, 30 dental students and 30 orthodontic patients were asked to score each silhouette from 1 (very bad) to 5 (very good). Results: Both the orthodontists and the students preferred the average profile for men and slightly more retruded lip position for women. Orthodontic patients had a wide range of preference for men and selected more retruded lip positions for women. The least-favored profile was the most protrusive in the 3 groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Iranian orthodontists, dental students and orthodontic patients prefer an average profile for men and slightly retruded profiles for women

PREDICTION OF SOFT TISSUE PROFILE CHANGES FOLLOWING ORTHODONTIC RETRACTION OF INCISORS IN IRANIAN GIRLS

To study the relationship between incisor retraction and soft tissue profile alterations and to identify and quantify the parameters that influence it. Methods: Pre-and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 37 Class I and Class II Division 1 Iranian females in whom at least one maxillary premolar was bilaterally extracted were analyzed and compared. Results: Significant positive correlations were found between retraction of the maxillary and mandibular incisors and posterior movement of the upper lip (r= 0.53, P <. ..

Correlation between vertical hard and soft tissue variables of the face.

Abstract: Background & Aim: Facial vertical variables are important components of soft tissue analysis which are used in clinical esthetic evaluation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between vertical skeletal and dental variables of hard and soft tissues of human face. Materials & Methods: A total of 46 patients (23 boys and girls) were included in this cross-sectional study. Selected angles and facial dimensions were measured during the clinical appointments. For facial proportions, from frontal view, ..

A Narrative Review of the Survival of the Coronavirus Family in Feces, Urine, and Wastewater

Wastewater is one of the most important ways of transmitting viral and bacterial pathogens that can cause nosocomial and clinical infections in humans. Although previous studies show that there is no current evidence that active coronaviruses are present in surface or ground waters or are transmitted through contaminated drinking water, there is an urgent need for more effective preventive measures to limit the spread of infection, which depends on understanding their routes of transmission and persistence in different environments. Here is a narrative review of the survival of the coronavirus family in feces, urine, and wastewater. Articles related to the presence of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 in feces, urine, and wastewater and their survival time were searched in the literature. Articles published in the last decade (2000–2021) were selected based on the PRISMA method. The literature review showed that due to the high concentration of RNA virus in blood and urine samples with positive oral and anal swabs, no positive case has been reported using respiratory tests. The main findings of this review show that the maximum survival time of the SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine was 33 and 31 days, respectively. Moreover, environmental conditions (temperature and pH) are the most important factors in the survival of SRRS-CoV in feces, urine, and wastewater. This study provides researchers with basic and useful information for future research orientations in relation to wastewater treatment plant systems to eliminate and manage emerging viral contaminants

Software Design for Smile Analysis

Introduction: Esthetics and attractiveness of the smile is one of the major demands in contemporary orthodontic treatment. In order to improve a smile design, it is necessary to record “posed smile” as an intentional, non-pressure, static, natural and reproduciblesmile. The record then should be analyzed to determine its characteristics. In this study,we intended to design and introduce a software to analyze the smile rapidly and precisely in order to produce an attractive smile for the patients.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a practical study was performed to design multimedia software “Smile Analysis” which can receive patients’ photographs and videographs. After giving records to the software, the operator should mark the points and lines which are displayed on the system’s guide and also define the correct scale for each image. Thirty-three variables are measured by the software and displayed on the report page. Reliability of measurements in both image and video was significantly high(=0.7-1).Results: In order to evaluate intra- operator and inter-operator reliability, five cases were selected randomly. Statistical analysis showed that calculations performed in smile analysis software were both valid and highly reliable (for both video and photo).Conclusion: The results obtained from smile analysis could be used in diagnosis,treatment planning and evaluation of the treatment progress

Relationship between Customer\'s Perceptions on Cleanliness of Surfaces and the Method of Measuring Surface Pollution Using ATP (Illuminometer) in a Restaurant

Relationship between Customer's Perceptions on Cleanliness of Surfaces and the Method of Measuring Surface Pollution Using ATP (Illuminometer) in a Restauran

Risk Assessment of Healthcare Waste by Preliminary Hazard Analysis Method

Introduction and purpose: Improper management of healthcare waste (HCW) can pose considerable risks to human health and the environment and cause serious problems in developing countries such as Iran. In this study, we sought to determine the hazards of HCW in the public hospitals affiliated to Abadan School of Medicine using the preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) method. Methods: In this descriptive and analytic study, health risk assessment of HCW in government hospitals affiliated to Abadan School of Medicine (4 public hospitals) was carried out by using PHA in the summer of  2016. Results: We noted the high risk of sharps and infectious wastes. Considering the dual risk of injury and disease transmission, sharps were classified in the very high-risk group, and pharmaceutical and chemical and radioactive wastes were classified in the medium-risk group. Sharps posed the highest risk, while pharmaceutical and chemical wastes had the lowest risk. Among the various stages of waste management, the waste treatment stage was the most hazardous in all the studied hospitals. Conclusion: To diminish the risks associated with healthcare waste management in the studied hospitals, adequate training of healthcare workers and care providers, provision of suitable personal protective and transportation equipment, and supervision of the environmental health manager of hospitals should be considered by the authorities. &nbsp

Assessment of the Consumption Pattern of Household Insecticides in Mazandaran Province

Introduction and purpose: An awareness of the pattern of using household insecticides in order to determine the type of damage caused by them, how to use household insecticides, the necessary safety measures in using insecticides, determining strategies to reduce the harmful effects of insecticides are of utmost importance. This descriptive study investigated the consumption pattern of household insecticides in Mazandaran province in 2022. Methods: For this purpose, 380 subjects living in Mazandaran province were selected via random sampling from people who had access to social networks. In order to assess the consumption pattern, a standard questionnaire was used whose validity and reliability were checked and confirmed. Results: The results demonstrated that the most widely used household insecticide in Mazandaran province was Halak (Samsaline). Moreover,  the reason for using household pesticides (0.17), the frequency of using pesticides (0.20), the intensity of using pesticides (0.04), and the advertisement of pesticides (how to get acquainted) (0.07) had a positive and significant effect on the amount of pesticides consumption (P<0.05). The most common use of insecticides in the Mazandaran province was to control mosquitoes (33.7%), and 41.7% of household insecticides were used as sprays. Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, an awareness of the harms and chemicals present in these pesticides for the health of humans and pets and the safety measures required during use are among the most important factors that affect the consumption pattern of household pesticides in Mazandaran province