Video Time: Properties, Encoders and Evaluation

Time-aware encoding of frame sequences in a video is a fundamental problem in video understanding. While many attempted to model time in videos, an explicit study on quantifying video time is missing. To fill this lacuna, we aim to evaluate video time explicitly. We describe three properties of video time, namely a) temporal asymmetry, b)temporal continuity and c) temporal causality. Based on each we formulate a task able to quantify the associated property. This allows assessing the effectiveness of modern video encoders, like C3D and LSTM, in their ability to model time. Our analysis provides insights about existing encoders while also leading us to propose a new video time encoder, which is better suited for the video time recognition tasks than C3D and LSTM. We believe the proposed meta-analysis can provide a reasonable baseline to assess video time encoders on equal grounds on a set of temporal-aware tasks.Comment: 14 pages, BMVC 201

Transportation of Measure Regression in Higher Dimensions

We present an optimal transport framework for performing regression when both covariate and response are probability distributions on a compact Euclidean subset $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^d$, $d>1$

Predicting diabetes management self-efficacy base on hardiness and coping strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Stress and negative emotions has a role in prediction type 2 diabetes mellitus and Self- efficacy effectiveness on commitment to self- management behaviors. Objective: To investigate predicting diabetes management self-efficacy base on hardiness and coping strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this correlational study, patients with type 2 diabetes (57 mild and 59 severe) were selected by convenience sampling in diabetic outpatient clinics of Bu-Ali and Velaiat hospitals in Qazvin. Data were collected by demographical characteristics questionnaire and scales of Personal Views Survey (PVS), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), and Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale (DMSES). Then, data analyzed by T test and multivariate regression. Findings: Results showed mild patient with diabetes are significantly higher than severe patient with diabetes in commitment, challenge and control subscales and total of hardiness. Also, mild patient most used problem solving and avoidance coping strategies and severe patient most used emotional oriented coping strategies. Mild patient have higher score in total of diabetes management self-efficacy. 75% of variance for diabetes management self-efficacy was predicted by hardiness and coping strategies. The total regression model explained that hardiness and emotional oriented coping predicted 0/43 and -0/36 of self-efficacy (P<0/001). Conclusion: Components such as commitment, control, challenge, effective coping strategies (decrease negative feelings and emotional regulation) shared with diabetes management selfefficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and must be paid attention to this factors for health counseling. Keywords: Hardiness, Coping Strategies with Stress, Self-Efficacy, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitu

Toxic heavy metal concentration in soft tissues of gray mullet Liza aurata (Mugilidae: Perciformes) during the sexual maturity and sexual rest

This study was conducted to determine the concentration of five heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium in muscle, liver and gills of the gray mullet, Liza aurata in southern part of the Caspian Sea. The samples were collected during sexual maturity (in the fall) and sexual rest (in the spring). The mean concentration of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium in the muscle tissue were 1.40, 0.43, 0.16, 0.07 and 0.54 µg/g, respectively during sexual maturity and 1.90, 0.93, 0.24, 0.12 and 0.61 µg/g, respectively during sexual rest. Generally, the uptake of heavy metals during sexual rest was higher (Pb>Cd>Cr>Hg>As) than that (Pb>Cr>Cd>Hg>As) during sexual maturity. Pollutants are effective in the accumulation of heavy and toxic metals in L. aurata in the Caspian Sea during different seasons. The concentration pattern of the metals in the three tissues was as follows: liver>gill>muscle. The difference between the concentrations of the metals in studied tissues was significant. A highly significant correlation between the elements in tissues was observed in both sexual periods. The comparison of the data obtained for muscle tissue with the WHO and NHMRC guidelines showed that the concentrations of all the five heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As) were higher than the global standard levels for these metals

Actor and Action Video Segmentation from a Sentence

This paper strives for pixel-level segmentation of actors and their actions in video content. Different from existing works, which all learn to segment from a fixed vocabulary of actor and action pairs, we infer the segmentation from a natural language input sentence. This allows to distinguish between fine-grained actors in the same super-category, identify actor and action instances, and segment pairs that are outside of the actor and action vocabulary. We propose a fully-convolutional model for pixel-level actor and action segmentation using an encoder-decoder architecture optimized for video. To show the potential of actor and action video segmentation from a sentence, we extend two popular actor and action datasets with more than 7,500 natural language descriptions. Experiments demonstrate the quality of the sentence-guided segmentations, the generalization ability of our model, and its advantage for traditional actor and action segmentation compared to the state-of-the-art.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 2018 as ora

Neural coding of action in three dimensions: Task- and time-invariant reference frames for visuospatial and motor-related activity in parietal area V6A

Goal-directed movements involve a series of neural computations that compare the sensory representations of goal location and effector position, and transform these into motor commands. Neurons in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) control several effectors (e.g., eye, hand, foot) and encode goal location in a variety of spatial coordinate systems, including those anchored to gaze direction, and to the positions of the head, shoulder, or hand. However, there is little evidence on whether reference frames depend also on the effector and/or type of motor response. We addressed this issue in macaque PPC area V6A, where previous reports using a fixate-to-reach in depth task, from different starting arm positions, indicated that most units use mixed body/hand-centered coordinates. Here, we applied singular value decomposition and gradient analyses to characterize the reference frames in V6A while the animals, instead of arm reaching, performed a nonspatial motor response (hand lift). We found that most neurons used mixed body/hand coordinates, instead of \u201cpure\u201d body-, or hand-centered coordinates. During the task progress the effect of hand position on activity became stronger compared to target location. Activity consistent with body-centered coding was present only in a subset of neurons active early in the task. Applying the same analyses to a population of V6A neurons recorded during the fixate-to-reach task yielded similar results. These findings suggest that V6A neurons use consistent reference frames between spatial and nonspatial motor responses, a functional property that may allow the integration of spatial awareness and movement control

Growth, mortality and spawning season of the spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus Forsskal, 1775) in coastal waters of Hormozgan Province in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

The population parameters and spawning season of the Spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus) were studied in coastal waters of Hormozgan province. The monthly calculated mean values of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females were indicate to increase from February, reach the highest in March and decline in June. The spawning season peak of L. nebulosus occurred in March. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters, L∞, K and t0 were estimated as, 67.2cm, 0.16.year^-1 and -1.161 year, respectively. The relationship between weight and length (Fork Length) can be expressed as W=0.051 L^2.722, which indicates that Spangled Emperor has negative allometric growth. Using length converted catch curve, total mortality (Z) was estimated as 1.13 year^-1 and natural mortality was estimated using Pauly's equation, as 0.57 per year. Finally, the fishing mortality (F) was 0.56, which gives an exploitation rate (E) of 0.50

Growth parameters and mortality rates of Liza klunzingeri in the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, using Length Frequency Data

The aim of the present study was to investigate the population dynamics of Liza klunzingeri, in Hormouzgan province waters located in northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. This study was carried out from October 2007 to September 2008. Samples were collected from commercial stake traps. The relationship between weight and fork length was found to be W= 0.0214 F.L^2.8233 suggesting that Liza klunzingeri shows isometric growth. Length-based stock assessment using the FiSAT software package showed an asymptotic length (L∞) of 20.3cm FL and growth coefficient of 0.6.yr^-1. These results gave a growth performance index (ø) of 2.39. The total mortality coefficient was estimated to be 2.31, a natural mortality of 1.09 and fishing mortality of 1.22. The estimated total mortality which, in relative terms, is considered average (2.31.yr^-1), coupled with the currently observed exploitation rate of 0.52 for L. klunzingeri, estimated from the mortality rates, suggested that the species is moderately exploited

Feeding habits of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) in the northern region of the Persian Gulf

Feeding habits of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) was investigated in coastal waters of the Northern Persian Gulf. This investigation was conducted by monthly sampling of thirty fish from September 2011 through August 2012. Fish size ranged from 17.98 ± 2.07 to 32.31 ± 6.52 cm in total length and from 134.01 ± 45.62 to 720.46 ± 292.58 g in weight. The highest value of gastro-somatic index was obtained in September (5.22 ± 0.04) and the lowest in December (1.61 ± 0.03) with annual average of 2.50 ± 0.60. The result of gastro-somatic index revealed that the highest feeding activity of A. latus was during autumn. The highest level of vacuity index was observed in summer (34.95 ± 4.71) and the lowest in autumn (25.88 ± 2.71) indicating that the highest number of empty stomachs was in summer. Annual average of vacuity index was 30.14 ± 5.72 exhibiting that A. latus was comparatively gluttonous in the Northern Persian Gulf. Bivalves and shrimps were the major food items found in the stomach of A. latus showing food preference indices of 45.86% and 30.67%, respectively. Other food items included crabs (12.66%), aquatic plants (4.05%), animal derivatives (4.52%) and gastropods (2.23%). According to the results, animal derivatives, aquatic plants and gastropods were eaten accidentally and were not the food items of A. latus in coastal waters of Hormozgan. The average relative length of gut was 1.41 ± 0.15 showing that A. latus was omnivorous in this region