Experimental design and modeling of removal of organic matter and nutrients in the OMW by calcium bentonite

The present work reports the application to reduction of the organic matter and nutrients in oil mill liquid waste (OMW), using the natural calcium bentonite from Morocco as adsorbent. The margine is characterized by a high concentration of low biodegradable and highly toxic organic matter. In order to evaluated the reduction capacity of bentonite to remove organic matter and nutrients, characterization mineralogical, chemical and also morphological of adsorbent were conducted. During the experiment and in the scenarios studied, all the total of parameters adsorbed was strongly depend on the percentage of bentonite. While, the percentage of pH of OMW was gradually decreased from 4.03 to 8. 04. The COD concentrations were decreased from 172.72 to 29.71 g/l, and also the phosphorus concentrations were decreased from 1.16 to 0.29 g/l. The electrical conductivity decrease in this work from 16.93 to 0.17 mS/cm. This present work proves that calcium bentonite is an effective adsorbent for the elimination the nutrients and organic compound

Les médicaments génériques et l’évolution de la consommation des antihypertenseurs au Maroc

Objectif. Étudier l’évolution de la consommation des médicaments génériques des antihypertenseurs entre 1991 et 2010, évaluer l’impact de la mise en place de l’Assurance maladie obligatoire (AMO) et la part économique des médicaments génériques sur le marché pharmaceutique des antihypertenseurs. Méthodes. Nous avons utilisé les données de ventes marocaines de l’Intercontinental marketing service IMS Health. Résultats. La consommation des génériques des antihypertenseurs a augmenté de 0,08 à 10,65 DDJ/1 000 habitants/jour entre 1991et 2010. En 2010, les génériques des inhibiteurs calciques (ICa) ont représenté 4,08 DDJ/1 000 habitants/jour (82,09 %), suivi par des inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion (IEC) 2,40 DDJ/1 000 habitants/jour (48,29 %). Le marché des génériques des ICa est le plus dominant et a représenté en 2010, 79,21 % en volume et 62,58 % en valeur. Conclusion. Dans les pays en développement comme le Maroc, le médicament générique constitue un élément clé pour l’accès au traitement surtout pour la population démunie

Biomonitoring study of trace metals (Al, As, Li) in mussels from Al Hoceima coastline of Moroccan Mediterranean Sea

Mytilus galloprovincialis are commonly used as heavy metal biomonitors across the world. In the present work, the contents of three elements (Al, As, Li) were analyzed in Mytilus galloprovincialis using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES 720-ES). Samples of soft tissues are collected monthly in 2020, from three sites of the mussel farming facilities installed in the Al Hoceima Sea. The decreasing order of the mean element contents in mussel tissues was Al > As > Li. The lowest values of metallic elements were found in summer and the highest contents were indicated in winter. Positive correlations were indicated between these elements and chlorophyll a indicating the importance of diet for the bioaccumulation of metals in mussels. In addition, our results show that the temperature and the salinity increase with the decreasing of metals bioavailability suggesting the influence of chemical properties and physical kinetics changes in the solution. On the other hand, the strong correlations observed for metal contents in mussel tissues can be elucidated by their common sources. The results of this study may be useful in the use of M. galloprovincialis, in the environmental biomonitoring studies

(Bacillariophyceae), seasonal distribution in the lagoon of Nador (Morroco)

The goal of this study is to look into the dominance of diatoms, specifically the genus “Pseudo-Nitzschia Sp” at the Nador lagoon level and how it relates to the physicochemical parameters of the environment. From the four sampling stations and for two seasons (spring and summer 2018). This diatom of the genus “Pseudo-Nitzschia Sp” includes toxic species capable of producing domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin responsible for amnesic intoxication syndrome in humans. During sampling, the species “PseudoNitzschia Sp” showed variable cell densities between stations and seasons. The dominate microalgae were observed during the spring period with a maximum concentration of (4000 Cells / l). And a low viscosity during the summer seasons (140 Cells / l)

Application of eutrophication indices for assessment of the ecological quality of the Moroccan eastern Mediterranean coast: Ras Kabdana-Saïdia

Eutrophication of littoral seawater is estimated to be one of the main threats to marine biota. Therefore, continuous monitoring is necessary to define areas of potential risk. Our work is an essay to explore the possibility of applying the trophic state index (TRIX) to assess the state of eutrophication along the eastern coast of the Moroccan Mediterranean (Ras Kabdana-Saïdia) in concert with a number of hydro chemical parameters and nutrients descriptors aimed at selection of relevant indicators of marine coastal area ecological quality. Seawater samples were studied monthly during 2018. The following environmental parameters have been considered: temperature, salinity, pH, suspended matter, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, saturation levels, nitrite, nitrate, and orthophosphate. Principal Component Analysis was applied in order to figure out and score the most relevant combination of parameters to discriminate between sites and select representative descriptors (pressure/state) of eutrophication. The following variables are defined as relevant descriptors for classification of the sites: nutrients (N, P) and their molar ratios (N/P), the capacity of the system to produce and sustain organic matter (chlorophyll a), and the trophic state index (TRIX). The results show TRIX values below 4, the eutrophication range indicated that there is no ecological risk. The Ras Kabdana-Saïdia is located in an oligotrophic state

Morphology and distribution of some marine diatoms of the genus

This work aims to study the distribution and quantification of the genus Rhizosolenia known for its abundance and diversity among planktonic diatoms at 9 sampling stations in the Nador lagoon and during 2 seasons (spring and summer 2018). The diatoms collected in the 9 sampling stations were identified morphologically using an inverted optical microscope. A total of 10 species of the genus Rhizosolenia have been listed including: Rhizosolenia bushsolei, R alata forma alata, R bergonii, R cochlea, R hyalina, R imbricata, R setigera, R bushsolei, Rhizosolenia sp and R styliformis. The quantitative analysis of the species collected shows that the maximum cell density was recorded respectively at stations 9 and 7 located in the center of the Nador lagoon, with values of 21680 Cell/l and 15710 Cell/l. However, the minimum cell density was recorded at station 5 corresponding to Oued Bou Areg located at the edge of the lagoon with a value of 5120 Cell/l

Simultaneous adsorption behaviour of heavy metals from Oil Mill Wastewater onto natural clay

The present work reports the synergistic and inhibitory adsorption effects involved in the multicomponent adsorption of heavy metal ions (Fe (II), Pb (II)), and major elements from oil mill liquid waste (OMW) using natural bentonite as adsorbent cames from Nador (North-East Morocco). Morocco is one of the most olive oil producing Mediterranean countries. This industry, which is so beneficial to the national economy, leaves two toxic and non-biodegradable residues (liquid/solid). OMW or margin is a current liquid pollutant that has been listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The classical methods used for phenol removal are expensive or limited to large-scale applications such as biological and thermal decomposition methods. The margins used in the studies were collected from a semimodern oil mill (Nador-Morocco). The results of the physicochemical analyses showed that the effluents of the oil mills showed that they are highly polluted, in particular the suspended solids, COD, and iron contents of around 154.82 (mg/l) and copper 31.72 (mg/l). Samples of OMW mixed with raw bentonites at different percentages vary between 10 % and 80 %. Different interactions between bentonite and metal ions dealing with the decrease of the concentrations. This study proves that this bentonite is an effective adsorbent for the elimination of heavy metals from OMW

Seasonal variations of heavy metals content in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Cala Iris offshore (Northern Morocco)

Heavy metal concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, and Pb were investigated in soft tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis coming from an aquaculture farm in Cala Iris sea of AlHoceima. Mytilus galloprovincialis were collected monthly during the period January to December 2016. The seasonal variations were affected significantly the concentrations of metals (Cd, Fe and Cr) in M. galloprovincialis. The highest heavy metal concentrations were recorded in winter (0.89 mg/kg, 673.2 and 3.330 mg/kg; for Cd, Fe and Cr, respectively) and the lowest values were founded in summer for Cd (0.646 mg/kg), and in autumn for Fe (340.1 mg/kg) and Cr (1.959 mg/kg). A significant effect of seasons on metal concentrations can be attributed to a number of biological and environmental inter-related factors. Data from this study may provide information on the use of M. galloprovincialis as a bioindicator for heavy metals pollution in the Cala Iris Sea.Peer Reviewe