570 research outputs found
Field migration rates of tidal meanders recapitulate fluvial morphodynamics
The majority of tidal channels display marked meandering features.
Despite their importance in oil-reservoir formation and
tidal landscape morphology, questions remain on whether tidalmeander
dynamics could be understood in terms of fluvial processes
and theory. Key differences suggest otherwise, like the
periodic reversal of landscape-forming tidal flows and the widely
accepted empirical notion that tidal meanders are stable landscape
features, in stark contrast with their migrating fluvial counterparts.
On the contrary, here we show that, once properly
normalized, observed migration rates of tidal and fluvial meanders
are remarkably similar. Key to normalization is the role of
tidal channel width that responds to the strong spatial gradients
of landscape-forming flow rates and tidal prisms. We find that
migration dynamics of tidal meanders agree with nonlinear theories
for river meander evolution. Our results challenge the conventional
view of tidal channels as stable landscape features and
suggest that meandering tidal channels recapitulate many fluvial
counterparts owing to large gradients of tidal prisms across meander
wavelengths
Reconstruction of an extreme flood hydrograph and morphodynamics of a meander bend in a high-peak discharge variability river (Powder River, USA)
AbstractUnderstanding of morphodynamic processes associated with largeâscale floods has recently improved following significant advances of modern technologies. Nevertheless, a clear link between flood discharge and inâchannel sedimentation processes remains to be resolved. The hydrological and geomorphological data available for the meandering Powder River (Montana, USA) since 1977 makes it a perfect laboratory to investigate connections between flood discharge and pointâbar sedimentation processes. This study focuses on a pointâbar that accreted laterally ca 70âm during a 50âyear recurrence flood, which lasted about 14âdays in May 1978. In September 2018, a trench ca 2âm deep and 70âm long was excavated through the axial pointâbar deposits, and the 1978 flood deposits were delineated based on georeferenced preâflood and postâflood crossâsection surveys. Sedimentological data show that pointâbar deposits accumulated at the early and late flood stages, when the flow was confined to the channel, and have similarities with classical facies models in terms of palaeocurrent patterns and vertical grainâsize trend. However, during highâstage flood conditions, when the flow overtopped the bar, crossâcutting of the bar and armouring were typical processes. Integration of sedimentological and palaeoâhydrological data highlight that the relation between channel crossâsectional area and flood discharge play a key role in preserving bar deposits. The integrated approach adopted here provides a basis for advancing palaeoflood hydrology beyond the stage of estimating peak discharges to the next stage of estimating palaeoflood hydrographs
Sensation Seeking and Gambling Behavior in Adolescence: Can Externalizing Problems Moderate This Relationship?
Gambling is a widespread phenomenon during adolescence. Among different risk factors involved in the onset of adolescent gambling behaviors, one factor that is studied is the sensation seeking personality trait. However, the literature is heterogeneous and a direct relationship between sensation seeking and gaming behaviors has not always been highlighted. This suggests that the relationship can be influenced by other factors. In particular, we explored the moderating role of externalizing problems in this relationship. A total of 363 adolescents (232 males and 131 females) aged 14 to 20 (M = 16.35, SD = 1.36) completed a battery of questionnaires aimed to assess their gambling behaviors, as well as the levels of externalizing problems and sensation seeking. The results showed that sensation seeking was associated with gambling severity, but this relationship was significant when externalizing problems were high and medium. On the contrary, when externalizing problems were low, the relationship between sensation seeking and gambling severity was not significant. Overall, sensation seeking in adolescence can favor the implementation of risk behaviors, such as gambling, but only in association with the presence of externalizing problems. Limitations, strengths, and social and clinical implications of the present study are discussed
- âŠ