1,518 research outputs found
Early development and predictors of morphological awareness: disentangling the impact of decoding skills and phonological awareness
Background: Morphological Awareness (MA) has been demonstrated to be influential on the
reading outcomes of children and adults. Yet, little is known regarding MA's early development.
Aim: The aim of this study is to better understand MA at different stages of development and its
association with Phonological Awareness (PA) and reading.
Methods and procedures: In a longitudinal design the development of MA was explored in a group
of pre-reading children with a family risk of dyslexia and age-matched controls from kindergarten
up to and including grade 2.
Outcomes and results: MA deficits were observed in the group with literacy difficulties at all time
points. PA was only found to make a significant contribution to MA development at the early
stages of formal reading instruction. While first-grade decoding skills were found to contribute
significantly to MA in second grade.
Conclusions: Evidence supporting a bidirectional relation was found and supports the need for
adequate MA intervention and explicit instruction for “at risk” children in the early stages of
literacy instruction
Predicting Dyslexia Based on Pre-reading Auditory and Speech Perception Skills
Purpose: This longitudinal study examines measures of temporal auditory processing
in pre-reading children with a family risk of dyslexia. Specifically, it attempts to ascertain
whether pre-reading auditory processing, speech perception, and phonological
awareness (PA) reliably predict later literacy achievement. Additionally, this study
retrospectively examines the presence of pre-reading auditory processing, speech
perception, and PA impairments in children later found to be literacy impaired.
Method: Forty-four pre-reading children with and without a family risk of dyslexia
were assessed at three time points (kindergarten, first, and second grade). Auditory
processing measures of rise time (RT) discrimination and frequency modulation (FM)
along with speech perception, PA, and various literacy tasks were assessed.
Results: Kindergarten RT uniquely contributed to growth in literacy in grades one and
two, even after controlling for letter knowledge and PA. Highly significant concurrent and
predictive correlations were observed with kindergarten RT significantly predicting first
grade PA. Retrospective analysis demonstrated atypical performance in RT and PA at
all three time points in children who later developed literacy impairments.
Conclusions: Although significant, kindergarten auditory processing contributions to
later literacy growth lack the power to be considered as a single-cause predictor; thus
results support temporal processing deficits’ contribution within a multiple deficit model
of dyslexia
Toward scalable information processing with ultracold polar molecules in an electric field: a numerical investigation
We numerically investigate the possibilities of driving quantum algorithms
with laser pulses in a register of ultracold NaCs polar molecules in a static
electric field. We focuse on the possibilities of performing scalable logical
operations by considering circuits that involve intermolecular gates
(implemented on adjacent interacting molecules) to enable the transfer of
information from one molecule to another during conditional laser-driven
population inversions. We study the implementation of an arithmetic operation
(the addition of 0 or 1 on a binary digit and a carry in) which requires
population inversions only and the Deutsch-Josza algorithm which requires a
control of the phases. Under typical experimental conditions, our simulations
show that high fidelity logical operations involving several qubits can be
performed in a time scale of a few hundred of microseconds, opening promising
perspectives for the manipulation of a large number of qubits in these systems
Predicting future reading problems based on pre-reading auditory measures: a longitudinal study of children with a familial risk of dyslexia
Purpose: This longitudinal study examines measures of temporal auditory processing
in pre-reading children with a family risk of dyslexia. Specifically, it attempts to
ascertain whether pre-reading auditory processing, speech perception, and phonological
awareness (PA) reliably predict later literacy achievement. Additionally, this study
retrospectively examines the presence of pre-reading auditory processing, speech
perception, and PA impairments in children later found to be literacy impaired.
Method: Forty-four pre-reading children with and without a family risk of dyslexia were
assessed at three time points (kindergarten, first, and second grade). Auditory processing
measures of rise time (RT) discrimination and frequency modulation (FM) along with
speech perception, PA, and various literacy tasks were assessed.
Results: Kindergarten RT uniquely contributed to growth in literacy in grades one and
two, even after controlling for letter knowledge and PA. Highly significant concurrent and
predictive correlations were observed with kindergarten RT significantly predicting first
grade PA. Retrospective analysis demonstrated atypical performance in RT and PA at all
three time points in children who later developed literacy impairments.
Conclusions: Although significant, kindergarten auditory processing contributions to
later literacy growth lack the power to be considered as a single-cause predictor; thus
results support temporal processing deficits’ contribution within a multiple deficit model
of dyslexia
Entanglement in a Bipartite Gaussian State
To examine the loss of entanglement in a two-particle Gaussian system, we
couple it to an environment and use the Non-Rotating Wave master equation
to study the system's dynamics. We also present a derivation of this equation.
We consider two di�fferent types of evolution. Under free evolution we �and that entanglement is lost quickly between the particles. When a harmonic
potential is added between the particles, two very different behaviours can
be observed, namely in the over and under-damped cases respectively, where
the strength of the damping is determined by how large the coupling to the
bath is with respect to the frequency of the potential.
In the over-damped case, we �nd that the entanglement vanishes at even
shorter times than it does in the free evolution. In the (very) under-damped
case, we observe that the entanglement does not vanish. Instead it oscillates
towards a stable valu
Evaluation of rice cultivars for resistance to rice yellow mottle virus
Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), which is only found in Africa, threatens rice farming on the continent. A local Oryza sativa cultivar collected from Burkina Faso (named BM24), was evaluated with that of well known highly resistant and tolerant cultivars. Firstly, three RYMV isolates were used to characterise the differential interaction within the cultivars. Secondly, disease kinetics of symptom expression and virus titer on leaves at 21 days after inoculation were assessed using the BF1 isolate. Thirdly, the allelic profile of O. sativa varieties using SSR marker RM101 located on chromosome 12 was also assessed. IR64 showed susceptibility to all isolates; while Tog5681 was resistant to all isolates. Ng122 overcame the resistance of Gigante, with mild leaf symptoms at 42 dpi. Azucena and BM24 had, therefore, different resistance level regarding the three isolates (Ng117b, Ng122 and Ng144). When infected with the isolate, BF1, BM24 and Azucena exhibited same resistance patterns in early growth stages with delayed of symptoms appearance, but BM24 outperformed Azucena at later stages. The virus content in the two accessions, at 14 days post inoculation, was statistically different with BM24, showing less virus compared to Azucena. However, the two accessions depicted an identical allelic profile at RM101 locus
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