Susceptibility to COVID-19 in pregnant and breastfeeding women

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1559910Existing studies of cost growth in defense acquisition have been predominantly descriptive rather than explanatory. However, recent studies have highlighted the importance of decision-making by government officials as a factor affecting cost growth. While observers of defense acquisition acknowledge the role of social, cultural and institutional factors on program performance, few studies are focused there. Thus, informed by the literatures on cost growth, behavioral finance, group decision-making, and organizational failure, a research agenda is developed to consider factors affecting cost growth beyond those traditionally studied. Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development framework can be the foundation of a stream of research including both field studies and laboratory/computational experiments that may provide fresh insights into the cost growth phenomenon and—more importantly—aid in the design of more effective policy interventions

Self-management of patients with chronic diseases during COVID19: A narrative review

Introduction. COVID-19 pandemic has affected the self-management of patients with chronic disease all over the world. The present study COVID-19 is a review to investigate the chronic patient self-management challenges during the corona epidemic, and providing solutions to solve this problem. Methods. The relevant literature on chronic patient selfmanagement is investigated (from March 2019 to Jan 2021). Databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer were used to search articles from the Latin articles. Also, keywords in this study included self-management, chronic disease, COVID-19. Finally, 26 relevant articles were used in this study. Results. Studies assessed the effective role of self-management in control and prevention of complications of chronic diseases and the challenges related to self-management programs during COVID-19, in addition the role of the health team in patients selfmanagement during the corona epidemics. Conclusion.The main challenges for chronic patients during the COVID-19 include decreased healthcare service and regular follow-ups because of physical restrictions; economic problems, change in lifestyle, and lack of rapid compliance with the changes. In this regard, the health team should provide the best healthcare services using the available resources to reduce suffer and pain of the patients. © 2021 Pacini Editore S.p.A.. All rights reserved

Association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and tooth loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Several studies have assessed the relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and tooth loss; however, results have been inconsistent. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was designed to examine the association between T2D and tooth loss. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guideline. We searched all the relevant studies in international databases of Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar search engine until February 2022. The heterogeneity of the studies was calculated using the I2 index. Measure of effect and 95 confidence interval (CI) were extracted from each study. The results of the study were analyzed using the random effects model. Results: In the present study, 22 eligible studies were included. Meta-analysis of unadjusted and adjusted results showed that T2D significantly increased the risk of tooth loss, and Odds Ratio (OR) unadjusted was 1.87 (95 CI: 1.62�2.13, p < 0.001), and OR adjusted was 1.20 (95 CI: 1.10�1.30, p < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analysis based on study design for adjusted OR indicated that in the cohort study (OR: 1.29, 95 CI: 1.07�1.51), in the cross-sectional study (OR: 1.15, 95 CI: 1.06�1.23), and in the case-control study (OR: 5.10, 95 CI: 1.01�9.18) there was a significant association between T2D and tooth loss. Other subgroups analyses showed consistent results and no publication bias existed. Conclusions: The findings suggest that T2D is associated with increased risk of tooth loss. This conclusion may provide useful evidence for correlated clinical researches. © 2022, The Author(s)

Prevalence of Syphilis Infections among the Iranian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Syphilis is one of the most important sexually transmitted infections (STI) and a public health problem, but the literature describing the true burden of syphilis is limited. In Iran, there are no accurate results on the prevalence of syphilis. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of syphilis in Iran. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published on the prevalence of Syphilis in Iran. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify eligible studies as of Sep 13, 2020, in international and national databases. The results are presented in the form of forest plots and tables. Pooled prevalence and 95 confidence intervals were calculated using Der Simonian and Laird method. Perform subgroup analysis through population, gender, city, and diagnostic tests to assess the source of heterogeneity. Results: We reviewed 1,229 papers and reports, and extracted data from 15 eligible records. The prevalence of combined syphilis in Iran is 0.1 (95 confidence interval 95% CI 0.1-0.1%). The prevalence of syphilis was 0.4% in men (95% confidence interval 95% CI-0.3, 1%) and 0.6% in women (95% confidence interval 95% CI (0.1, 1%)). The cumulative meta-analysis showed a decline in the prevalence of syphilis between the years 1999 and 2015. Conclusion: The prevalence of syphilis in Iran is low. In the past few decades, the prevalence of syphilis across the country has declined. Syphilis infection is a small burden that needs to be revised in the implementation of high-cost screening programs. © 2022 Esmaeilzadeh et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences

The global survival rate of graft and patient in kidney transplantation of children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis on published studies about the Global Survival Rate of Graft and Patients in the Kidney Transplantation of children. Methods: Studies that investigated the survival rate of kidney transplants published until the 30th of December 2020 were selected using a systematic search strategy in the following databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane. The extracted data were entered into the Excel software and STATA 16.0. The search identified 6007 study references. From the total, we excluded 1348 duplicates, 3688 reference titles and abstracts that were deemed irrelevant, and 846 references that were not original articles (i.e., letter, commentary, review) or did not meet the inclusion criteria. As such, 89 studies involving 12,330 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Results: In this study 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10-year survival rates of graft were estimated to be 92, 83, 74.40, 67.10, and 63.50, respectively. Also, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10-year survival rates of patients were estimated to be 99.60, 97.30, 95.20, 74.60, and 97.90, respectively. Conclusions: The findings suggest differences in graft and patient survival among children with kidney transplants. Although differences in ethnic origin, incompatibility with deceased donor kidneys, and types of kidney disease are unavoidable, interventions to improve preventive and living-donor transplantation are particularly needed in minority groups. In addition, more research is needed to establish and address the contribution of medical and sociocultural barriers to preferential treatment of these groups. © 2022, The Author(s)