Antimutagenic and free radical scavenger effects of leaf extracts from Accacia salicina

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Three extracts were prepared from the leaves of <it>Accacia salicina</it>; ethyl acetate (EA), chloroform (Chl) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts and was designed to examine antimutagenic, antioxidant potenty and oxidative DNA damage protecting activity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Antioxidant activity of <it>A. salicina </it>extracts was determined by the ability of each extract to protect against plasmid DNA strand scission induced by hydroxyl radicals. An assay for the ability of these extracts to prevent mutations induced by various oxidants in <it>Salmonella typhimurium </it>TA102 and TA 104 strains was conducted. In addition, nonenzymatic methods were employed to evaluate anti-oxidative effects of tested extracts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>These extracts from leaf parts of <it>A. salicina </it>showed no mutagenicity either with or without the metabolic enzyme preparation (S9). The highest protections against methylmethanesulfonate induced mutagenicity were observed with all extracts and especially chloroform extract. This extract exhibited the highest inhibitiory level of the Ames response induced by the indirect mutagen 2- aminoanthracene. All extracts exhibited the highest ability to protect plasmid DNA against hydroxyl radicals induced DNA damages. The ethyl acetate (EA) and chloroform (Chl) extracts showed with high TEAC values radical of 0.95 and 0.81 mM respectively, against the ABTS^.+.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study revealed the antimutagenic and antioxidant potenty of plant extract from <it>Accacia salicina </it>leaves.</p

Phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antigenotoxic potentials of Cyperus rotundus extracts

AbstractThe aqueous, ethyl acetate, methanolic and Total Oligomer Flavonoids (TOF) enriched extracts, obtained from the aerial parts of Cyperus rotundus, were investigated for their contents in phenolic compounds. Antioxidative activity using the NBT/riboflavin assay system, antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial reference strains as well as antigenotoxic activity tested with the SOS chromotest assay were also studied. Significant antibacterial activity against reference strains; Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium, was detected in the presence of ethyl acetate and TOF enriched extracts. In addition to their antimicrobial activity, the same extracts showed a significant ability to inhibit nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by the superoxide radical in a non enzymatic O2.− generating system, and were also able to reduce significantly the genotoxicity induced by nifuroxazide and Aflatoxin B1. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and antigenotoxic activities exhibited by C. rotundus depend on the chemical composition of the tested extracts

Inhibitory effect of Teucrium ramosissimum extracts on aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and sodium azide induced mutagenicity: Correlation with antioxidant activity

AbstractThe mutagenic potential of total oligomers flavonoids (TOF), ethyl acetate (EA) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts from aerial parts of Teucrium ramosissimum was assessed using Ames Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA1535 with and without metabolic activation (S9). None of the different extracts produced a mutagenic effect. Likewise, the antimutagenicity of the same extracts was tested using the “Ames test”. Our results showed that T. ramosissimum extracts possess antimutagenic activity against all the tested genotoxicants (aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and sodium azide) in the Salmonella assay systems used in this study. In addition, all extracts showed important free radical scavenging activity toward the radicals DPPH and ABTS except the PE extract

Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and apoptotic activities of Cyperus rotundus

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate in vitro antioxidant and apoptotic activities of Cyperus rotundus (C. rotundus).MethodsThe phytochemical study and the antioxidant activities of both methanol and aqueous extracts from C. rotundus aerial part were determined. In addition, these extracts were also investigated for their cytotoxic and apoptotic activities. The major compound of the methanol extract was isolated. Both methanol and aqueous extracts (300, 150, and 50 μg/mL) were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay system. However, 16, 8, and 4 mg/mL of each extract were tested to investigate their OH. formation scavenging potential. Aqueous extract (800, 400, and 200 μg/mL) and methanol extract (350, 175, and 88 μg/mL) were tested against lipid peroxidation, induced by 75 μM H2O2. The cytotoxicity (by MTT assay) and cell DNA fragmentation of both extracts were evaluated towards K562 and L1210 cell lines. The major compound was obtained from the butanol fraction of methanol extract and its structure was determined by RMN spectroscopic analysis.ResultsThe methanol and aqueous extracts showed respectively, 88% and 19% inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. Yet, the same extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation by 61.5% and 42.0%, respectively. Both extracts inhibited OH. formation by 27.1% and 25.3%, respectively. Only methanol extract induced DNA degradation. Orientin was determined as the major compound isolated from the butanol fraction of methanol extract.ConclusionsIt appears that C. rotundus extracts exhibit a potential use as a natural antioxidant and an apoptosis inducer

Leaf extracts from Nitraria retusa promote cell population growth of human cancer cells by inducing apoptosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In this report the phytochemical profile of <it>Nitraria. Retusa (N. Retusa</it>) leaf extracts were identified and their ability to induce apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous erythroleukaemia (K562) was evaluated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Apoptosis of the human chronic myelogenous erythroleukaemia (K562) was evidenced by investigating DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage and caspases 3 and 8 inducing activities, in the presence of <it>N. retusa </it>extracts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our study revealed that the tested extracts from <it>N. Retusa </it>contain many useful bioactive compounds. They induced in a time-dependent manner the apoptosis the tested cancerous our cell line. This result was confirmed by ladder DNA fragmentation profile and PARP cleavage, as well as a release in caspase-3 and caspase-8 level.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate that the tested compounds have a significant antiproliferative effect which may be due to their involvement in the induction of the extrinsic apoptosic pathway.</p

Essential oil and hydrophilic antibiotic co-encapsulation in multiple lipid nanoparticles: proof of concept and in vitro activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Producción CientíficaIn the worldwide context of an impending emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, this research combined the advantages of multiple lipid nanoparticles (MLNs) and the promising therapeutic use of essential oils (EOs) as a strategy to fight the antibiotic resistance of three Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with different cefepime (FEP) resistance profiles. MLNs were prepared by ultrasonication using glyceryl trioleate (GTO) and glyceryl tristearate (GTS) as a liquid and a solid lipid, respectively. Rosemary EO (REO) was selected as the model EO. REO/FEP-loaded MLNs were characterized by their small size (~110 nm), important encapsulation efficiency, and high physical stability over time (60 days). An assessment of the antimicrobial activity was performed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing assays against selected P. aeruginosa strains. The assays showed a considerable increase in the antibacterial property of REO-loaded MLNs compared with the effect of crude EO, especially against P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, in which the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value decreased from 80 to 0.6 mg/mL upon encapsulation. Furthermore, the incorporation of FEP in MLNs stabilized the drug without affecting its antipseudomonal activity. Thus, the ability to co-encapsulate an essential oil and a hydrophilic antibiotic into MLN has been successfully proved, opening new possibilities for the treatment of serious antimicrobial infections.Tunisian Ministry of HEducation and Scientific Research and by the Fundación General de la Universidad de Valladolid (PIP 063/147181)Fondo de Innovación, Tecnología y Economía Circular (FITEC) e iNOVA4Health (UIDB/04462/2020

Two calix[4]pyrroles as potential therapeutics for castration-resistant prostate cancer

Macrocyclic compounds meso-(p-acetamidophenyl)-calix[4]pyrrole and meso-(m-acetamidophenyl)-calix[4]pyrrole have previously been reported to exhibit cytotoxic properties towards lung cancer cells. Here, we report pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies showing that these calixpyrrole derivatives can inhibit cell growth in both PC3 and DU145 prostatic cancer cell lines. We explored the impact of these compounds on programmed cell death, as well as their ability to inhibit cellular invasion. In this study we have demonstrated the safety of these macrocyclic compounds by cytotoxicity tests on ex-vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and by in vivo subcutaneous administration. Preliminary in vivo tests demonstrated no hepato-, no nephro- and no genotoxicity in Balb/c mice compared to controls treated with cisplatin. These findings suggest these calixpyrroles might be novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of prostate cancer and of particular interest for the treatment of androgen-independent castration-resistant prostate cancer

Polar extracts from (Tunisian) Acacia salicina Lindl. Study of the antimicrobial and antigenotoxic activities

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Methanolic, aqueous and Total Oligomer Flavonoids (TOF)-enriched extracts obtained from the leaves of <it>Acacia salicina </it>'Lindl.' were investigated for antibacterial, antimutagenic and antioxidant activities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The antimicrobial activity was tested on the Gram positive and Gram negative reference bacterial strains. The Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities against direct acting mutagens, methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOPD), and indirect acting mutagens, 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) and benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) were performed with <it>S. typhimurium </it>TA102 and TA98 assay systems. In addition, the enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods were employed to evaluate the anti-oxidative effects of the tested extracts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A significant effect against the Gram positive and Gram negative reference bacterial strains was observed with all the extracts. The mutagenic and antimutagenic studies revealed that all the extracts decreased the mutagenicity induced by B(a)P (7.5 μg/plate), 2-AA (5 μg/plate), MMS (1.3 mg/plate) and NOPD (10 μg/plate). Likewise, all the extracts showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay system, as well as high Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), against the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)⁺• radical. TOF-enriched extract exhibited the highest protective effect against free radicals, direct acting-mutagen and metabolically activated S9-dependent mutagens.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present study indicates that the extracts from <it>A. salicina </it>leaves are a significant source of compounds with the antimutagenic and antioxidant activities, and this may be useful for developing potential chemopreventive substances.</p