Analysis of Pork Adulteration In Recycled Frying Oils Using Raman Spectroscopy

Unscrupulous food business operators may use recycled frying oil to save costs. Of particular concern is the recycled frying oil is usually taken from non-halal food premises which should not be used by halal food premises, and indeed may posing health treats to consumers. Hence, the objective of this paper is to analyse pork adulteration in recycled frying oils by using the combination of Raman spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Samples of frying oils from homemade fried pork, fried chicken, fried fish and fried banana were analyzed. Spiked samples were prepared by adding frying oil from homemade fried pork ranging from 10% to 50% (v/v) to frying oils from homemade fried chicken, fried fish and fried banana. The results found that Raman spectroscopy and PCA are able to differentiate adulterated frying oil and unadulterated frying oils. However, it could not distinguish the percentage of pork adulteration in the spiked samples. This method would beneficial to ensure food integrity in the frying oils

Identification of potential biomarkers of porcine gelatin

This chapter discusses the identification of potential biomarkers of porcine gelatin using peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) for the development of anti-peptide polyclonal antibodies. The selection of antigens is a prerequisite for the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A synthetic peptide is one of the prevalent antigens for ELISA development. It enables the produced antibodies to be targeted at small regions of the protein with fine specificity. It has been used to solve food authenticity issues

Detection of edible bird’s nest using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with Principle Component Analysis (PCA)

Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is rich in nutrients and health benefits; making it one of the Chinese delicacies over the centuries. However, due to the overpriced and limited supply of EBN, it is being adulterated with other cheaper versions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to establish a method of detecting adulterants in EBN using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as the spectrum fingerprinting analysis together with principal component analysis (PCA). Spiked samples have been developed for Tremella fungus and porcine gelatine at the concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% (w/w). The FTIR method combined with PCA analysis was able to detect the adulteration of porcine gelatine and Tremella fungus in the sample of adulterated EBNs at low concentration of 1% (w/w). The simple approach employing FTIR combined with PCA may provide a useful tool for EBN detection