Prevalence of Home Smoking Bans and its Determinants in Families with Infants

Background Exposure to cigarette smoke has numerous health risks for infants and children. Home smoking ban is a simple way to reduce the detrimental impacts of cigarette smoke. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking bans in homes as well as associated factors in families with infants in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods This study was a population-based cross-sectional survey on 1,112 families with infants, selected through stratified-cluster sampling. In this study, a researcher made questionnaire including four parts: sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, smoking restrictions, and parental awareness and belief, was completed. The multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between smoking bans in homes and associated factors. Results Complete smoking ban in homes was 37.3%. In the multivariable logistic regression, cigarette smoking ban in homes was significantly higher for employed mothers (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-7.2, P<0.001), for those who did not have any smoker friends or relatives (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3-4.4, P<0.001), for those smoking a smaller number of cigarettes (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.3, P=0.003), and for parents who concurred with the impacts of thirdhand cigarette smoke on infant health (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.4-14.9, P<0.001). Conclusion This study indicates that complete smoking ban is not established in many households with infants in Iran. Furthermore, it is necessary to perform health interventions for reducing infant exposure to cigarette smoke, while considering the factors associated with smoking ban. Keyword

Exploring the Midwives’ Experiences of Providing Delivery Care for Women with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Infection: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Midwives were at the forefront of caring for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, the present study was conducted with the purpose of exploring midwives’ experiences of providing delivery care for women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. Methods: In this qualitative study, 18 midwives working in the public hospitals affiliated with Guilan University of Medical Sciences (Iran). Who had experience in providing delivery care to women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected via individual semi-structured interviews until reaching data saturation, and analyzed through conventional content analysis. Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of three main categories and six sub-categories. The main categories included "COVID-19 and organizational support" with two sub-categories including lack of resources/neglecting the role of midwives, "COVID-19 and positive achievements" with two sub-categories including professional resilience/turning threats into opportunities, "COVID-19 and informational support" with two sub-categories, including up-to-date training/empowering pregnant women. Conclusion: According to the findings, to realize and guarantee the provision of high-quality maternity care to pregnant women in dealing with epidemic diseases such as COVID-19 in the future, the attention of policymakers and healthcare service officials to the physical and psychological needs of midwives is necessary. Also, organizational and informational support, improving job satisfaction, and paying attention to the importance of midwives’ role in the medical team are recommended. Moreover, empowering pregnant women during epidemic diseases is essential

The effects of video podcast on learning among midwifery students: A randomized controlled trial

Background:Although some studies examined the challenges of using podcasts, there is limited information about the effects of video podcasting on learning outcomes. Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of video podcasting and lecture on learning among midwifery students and to assess their satisfaction with podcasting. Methods: This was a randomized controlled crossover trial. Five-semester baccalaureate midwifery students of a class were randomized into two seventeen-person groups to receive education about gynecological diseases in two sessions. In the first session, students in Group A received educational materials through lecture, while their counterparts in Group B received the same materials through video podcasting. In the second session, held 1 week after the first session, students in Group A received educational materials through video podcasting, while their counterparts in Group B received the same materials through lecture. Students' learning and satisfaction were measured via multiple choice questions and a satisfaction questionnaire, respectively. The paired- and the independent-sample t-tests were used for within- and between-group comparisons, respectively.Results: Both lecture and video podcasting significantly increased the mean score of students' knowledge. However, between-group difference respecting the posttest mean score of knowledge was not statistically significant (15.3 ± 2.3 vs. 14.5 ± 2.7; P = 0.35). Students were satisfied with video podcasting though they believed that it cannot completely replace traditional lecture. Conclusion:Video podcasting has the same effects as lecture on learning outcomes among midwifery students. It can be used as a complement to lecture

A Nutrition Education Intervention Trial for Adolescent Girls in Isfahan: Study Design and Protocol

BackgroundNutrition behaviors of adolescent girls is of serious health concerns. Although nutrition education interventions in Iran have met with some success, most of them could not promote nutrition behavioral changes. The aim of our study is to determine a school-based nutrition education intervention to improve adolescents’ nutrition behaviors and behavioral mediators based on the social cognitive theory (SCT).Materials and MethodsThis study is a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Eligible participants will be all student girls in grade 6 and 7, their parents and teachers in Isfahan governmental schools. This multi com­ponent school-based intervention include adolescents’ nutrition education package, parents’ nutrition massages, participatory homework, parents and teachers nutrition education package, supportive group, and collaboration with decision makers. Changing in nutrition behaviors including breakfast, fruit and vegetable, snack and fast food consumption will be examined, as primary outcome. Secondary outcome will be behavioral mediators such as knowledge, self-efficacy, intention, situation, self-regulation, social support, outcome expectations and expectancies, in adolescent girls. The outcomes will be assessed at baseline, and after 3 and 6-month follow-up.DiscussionThis study evaluates a school-based, guided SCT intervention, designed to improve healthy dietary behaviors, nutrition knowledge of adolescent girls. Few behavioral interventions have targeted this high-risk population in Iran. The intervention seems to be promising and has the potential to bridge the gap of the limited program outcomes of nutrition education in Iranian adolescents

The effect of computer-based education on attitude towards marriage in single people with type 1 Diabetes

Introduction: The attitude of people with type 1 diabetes may be affected by the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of computer-based education on attitude towards marriage in single girls and boys with type 1 diabetes. Method: This quasiexperimental study was performed on 100 single individuals who had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for at least one year and were attending the Iranian Diabetes Association centers. Samples were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention in this study included an educational CD to promote the attitude of people with type 1 diabetes towards marriage. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that contained questions about personal characteristics of the participants and their attitude toward marriage that was completed by both groups once before the intervention and once eight weeks after the intervention. The maximum score of attitude was 125 and the minimum score was 25. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-Square, T-test, Paired T-test, Fisher, and covariance tests. Result: The mean score of attitude in the intervention group after the training (105.42 ± 6.28) was higher than before the training (78.24 ± 15.66), (p < 0.001). But in the control group, the mean score of attitude after the study (80.22 ± 8.26) was lower than before (85.26 ± 10.08), (p < 0.001). Moreover, before the study, the score of attitude in the control group was higher than the intervention group (p = 0.009), but after the study, the score of attitude in the intervention group was higher than the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Computer-based education significantly improved the attitude of people with type 1 diabetes towards marriage. The use of this educational method is recommended to improve the attitude of diabetic patients towards marriag