Norms of anthropometric, body composition measures and prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban populations of Iran

زمینه و هدف: تدوین هنجارهای ملی برای اندازه‌های پیکری و ترکیب بدنی و نیز تعیین شیوع اضافه وزن و چاقی به دلیل ارتباط آن با بیماری‌های مزمن از ضروریات جوامع امروزی است. این پژوهش با هدف تهیه‌ی این هنجارها در جمعیت‌های شهری ایران طراحی و اجرا شد. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش مقطعی که از نوع توصیفی – تحلیلی بود، 991 نفر مرد و 1188 نفر زن با دامنه سنی 15 تا 64 سال به شیوه در دسترس از شهرهای اردبیل، اصفهان، اهواز، تهران، رشت، کرمان و مشهد فراخوان شدند. شاخص توده‌ی بدن (BMI)، دور کمر (WC)، نسبت دور کمر به لگن (WHR)، نسبت دور کمر به قد (WHtR) و درصد چربی بدن آزمودنی‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های t مستقل، ضریب همبستگی جزیی تعدیل شده و تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه در نرم افزار SPSS تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: با توجه به اندازه‌های BMI، 49 مردان و 53 زنان دارای اضافه وزن یا چاقی بودند که 2/10 مردان و 6/18 زنان چاق بودند. در هر گروه سنی، مردان درصد چربی کمتری نسبت به زنان داشتند (001/0>P). در هر دوی مردان و زنان شیوع اضافه وزن در میان رده‌ی سنی 49-40 سال و شیوع چاقی در رده‌ی سنی بالای 50 سال بیشتر از سنین دیگر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر ضمن ارایه‌ی هنجارهای ملی، شیوع بالای اضافه وزن و چاقی عمومی و شکمی را در هر دو جنسیت در جمعیت‌های شهری ایران نشان داد که بیانگر لزوم ارزیابی‌های مستمر و ارایه‌ی برنامه‌های مداخله‌ای در جهت کنترل و پیشگیری از اختلال‌های مرتبط با چاقی مانند دیابت می‌باش

Effect of a session resistance exercise on mRNA expression of NT-3 and TrkC proteins in soleus muscle of Wistar rats

Background and Objective: Skeletal muscle expresses several neurotrophin and their receptors which providing the basis for neurotrophin signaling within the muscle compartments. This study was done to evaluate the effect of a session of resistance exercise on mRNA expression of NT-3 and TrkC proteins in soleus muscle of Wistar Rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 16 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into exercise and control groups. The resistance training protocol consisted of climbing a 1-meter–long ladder, with a weight attached to a tail sleeve. Expressions of NT-4/5 and P75, quantitatively were measured using RT-PCR. Results: There was not any significant alteration in NT-3 mRNA in soleus muscle after resistance exercise. However, one session of resistance exercise significantly increased mRNA expression of TrkC (1.7 Folds) in soleus muscle (P<0.05). Conclusion: Resistance exercise increases TrkC expression in soleuse muscle of wistar rats

Response of mef2 Gene of Slow and Fast Twitch Muscles of Wistar Male Rats to One Bout of Resistance Exercise

Introduction: Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (mef2) gene relates with multiple myogenic transcriptional factors that induces activation Muscle-specific genes. MEF2 contributes in muscular cells development and differentiation as well as in fibers transition in response to stimulants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of one bout of resistance exercise (RE) on mef2 gene expression in fast and slow skeletal muscles of Wistar male rats. Methods: For this experimental study, 15 rats from Pasteur Institute were prepared and housed under natural conditions (temperature, light/dark (12:12) cycle, with ad libitum access to food and water) and then randomly divided assigned to RE (n=10) and control groups (n=5); the RE group performed one RE session. 3 and 6 hours following, the rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed, then the soleus and Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were removed. determine mef2 gene expression rate, the Quantitative Real time RT-PCR was used. Data were analyzed by one sample and independent samples t test. Results: In EDL muscle, in response to one RE session, the mef2 gene expression increased non significantly at 3 hour (p=0/093) and increased significantly (p=/008) at 6 hour after exercise, but in soleus muscle, the mef2 gene expression decreased significantly at 3 hour (p=0/01), and at 6 hour after RE session there was no observed significant change (p=0.247). Conclusion: Mef2 expression gene is differently changes in muscle fibers, which are likely associated with changes in fiber type in response to resistance exercise

Effect of resistance exercise on protein content and mRNA expression of NT 4/5 in rat slow and fast muscles

Background and Objective: Trophic factor family plays a key role for neuromuscular system healthy. This study was carried out to determine the effect of one session of resistance exercise on protein content and mRNA expression of NT4/5 in rat slow and fast muscles. Methods: In this experimental study, sixteen adult male rats randomly were allocated into resistance exercise (T) and control groups. The resistance training protocol consisted of climbing a 1-meter–long ladder, with a weight attached to a tail sleeve. Quantitative Real time RT-PCR for NT-4/5 expression and ELISA Kit for protein assay were used. Results: Resistance training significantly decreased mRNA expression and increased protein of NT4/5 in soleus muscle (P<0.05). Significant alteration was not detected in flexor hallucis longus muscle. Conclusion: One session of resistance training can alter protein and mRNA of NT-4/5 in skeletal muscle and this alteration was dependent on muscle type