UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR TELMISARTAN IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: To develop UV spectrophotometric method for determination of Telmisartan in bulk and tablet dosage form in 0.1 N NaOH by two methods. Methods: Method A involve Absorption maxima method based on the measurement of absorbance at 295 nm that is the λmax of Telmisartan, while Method B involved Area under the curve based on the measurement of AUC in the range of 275-310 nm. Results: Both methods obey Beer- Lamberts law in concentration range of 2-12 µg/ml. Methods were validated as per ICH guidelines in terms of accuracy, linearity and precision. Conclusion: The proposed methods found to be simple, accurate, precise, reproducible, economic and suitable for routine quality control analysis

Global positioning system based spatial and temporal distribution of new leaf curl begomovirus disease on sunflower in Northern Karnataka

Leaf curl disease on sunflower caused by begomovirus genus of the family geminiviridae. Present investigations on field survey for disease incidence, field diagnostic symptoms and its spatial and temporal distribution in major sunflower growing parts of North Eastern Karnataka through GPS system during 2013-14, revealed that the disease was found to occur at all the stages of sunflower under field condition and exhibited symptoms such as vein thickening (enations) on abaxial surface of the leaves, upward curling and reduction in leaf size and severe discoluration of capitulum (Head) followed by bushy appearance. GPS based survey indicated that the % disease incidence varied from location to location (spatial variation) and also from season to season (temporal variation). The low incidence was noticed during Kharif condition which is ranged between 6.34-11.16, with the average incidence of 11.2%, 7.4% and 6.3% in Koppal, Raichur and Ballari districts repectively. Whereas during Rabi/summer season, high magnitude of disease noticed in many of the locations surveyed and is recorded upto 92.9 %. The GPS maps plotted based on PDI scale (0-3) represents high risk areas of the disease in Raichur and adjacent areas of Nort Eastern Karnataka and the result shows that the disease occurrence was more in rabi as compared to Kharif situations irrespective of locations. GPS survey map is an indicator to locate the nature of disease spread so as to conclude the hotspot areas

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF ATAZANAVIR SULPHATE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Two simple, accurate, precise and cost effective UV-Spectrophotometric methods have been developed for estimation of Atazanavir sulphate (ATV), an anti-HIV drug, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A is Absorbance maxima method, which is based on measurement of absorption at maximum wavelength, 247nm. Method B is Area under Curve (AUC), in wavelength range of 240-254nm. The linear responses were observed in the range of 5- 40 μg/ml for both the methods, with the regression coefficient of 0.9996 and 0.9997 respectively. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 100.56% and 100.86% respectively. The developed methods were validated for different parameters like linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision and specificity, as per the ICH Q2 R1 (International Conference for Harmonization) guidelines and were found to be satisfactory. These methods can be used for the determination of Atazanavir sulphate in bulk and formulation without interference of the excipients

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF DARUNAVIR ETHANOLATE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Two simple, precise and economical UV methods have been developed for the estimation of Darunavir ethanolate (DRV) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A is Absorbance maxima method, which is based on measurement of absorption at maximum wavelength, 266 nm. Method B is area under curve (AUC), in the wavelength range of 255-275 nm. Linearity for detector response was observed in the concentration range of 3-18 μg/ml for the both methods. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision and specificity. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 100.07% and 99.58% for Method A and Method B respectively. The results were validated statistically as per ICH Q2 R1 guidelines and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of DRV in tablet dosage form

Biological and molecular evidences on host range of leaf curl begomovirus disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The present study was conducted to identify the alternate hosts of new leaf curl virus disease of sunflower. In the present study several crops and weed hosts were cross inoculated with leaf curl virus of sunflower under laboratory through insect vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), further all inoculated samples were retested (3-4 weeks after inoculation) by molecular based Polymerse chain reaction diagnosis for the presence of virus. The results revealed that the causal virus of the disease was successfully transmitted from sunflower to sunflower (Helianthus annuus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) and weed hosts such as Acanthospermum hispidum, Amaranthus viridis and Parthenium hysterophorus in a short incubation period (2-3 weeks after inoculation), while on other hosts Chilli (Capsicum annuum L) and Datura stramonium, infection occurs in delayed incubation period. Further molecular analysis thorough polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic technique using virus specific primers also confirmed the presence of coat protein (CP) of leaf curl begomovirus invirus inoculated hosts viz., chilli, sunflower, tomato, and tobacco and weed hosts such as Acanthospermum hispidum, Amaranthus viridis, Datura stramonium and Parthenium hysterophorus. Thus, findings substantiate that the above hosts are major sources of the virus inoculum and served as potential alternate hosts of the disease during the off season

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY-INDICATING REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF LEDIPASVIR IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a stability-indicating reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of ledipasvir (LDP) in bulk and tablet formulation. Methods: Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of LDP in bulk and tablet formulation. RP-HPLC was carried out on HiQ SiL C18 columns (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size) using mobile phase acetonitrile:1 mM ammonium acetate buffer in the ratio of 90:10 v/v at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The analytes were monitored using MD 2010 PDA detector at 333 nm. Results: The retention time was found to be 3.843 min. The proposed method was found to be having linearity in the concentration range of 5–30 μg/ml. The number of theoretical plates obtained was 4236.50 which indicate the efficient performance of the column. The limit of detection was 0.305 μg/ml and limit of quantification was 0.923 μg/ml, which indicate the sensitivity of the method; the high percentage recovery indicates that the proposed method is highly accurate. The developed method has been validated according to the ICH guidelines and found to be simple, specific, precise, and accurate. Conclusion: The proposed method is precise, accurate, and stability indicating. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for routine quality control and analysis of LDP during stability studies in bulk samples and tablet dosage forms

Takayasu arteritis in pregnancy: a case report, and clinical lessons learnt

A case report of known case of Takayasu arteritis (known to the woman in case report) in a primigravida, but unrevealed to the obstetrician till advanced stage of pregnancy is reported. The authors share the lessons learnt by them from this case which would improve diagnosis, evaluation and management of pregnancy hypertension. A brief account on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis is also included

Specific identification, biology and symptoms of whitefly species infesting sunflower in South India

Whitefly species related to sunflower was identified as Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Further the identified whitefly species was confirmed to be indigenous B. tabaci on molecular basis by using B-biotype specific SCARs and biological silver leaf assay on sensitive pumpkin (cv Big variety). None of the whitefly samples could positive for the presence of B biotype. The results of the study on the pest life cycle under the laboratory conditions showed that, B. tabaci passed through four nymphal instars before the adult stage. The mean duration values of these stages were 5.6, 4.2, 4.4 and 5.6 days respectively. The total duration of the life cycle of B. tabaci ranged from 23- 42 days at the temperature of 29±2°C with a mean of 34.5. The damage to sunflower crop caused by the whitefly species is discussed with a special emphasis on its ability to transmit leaf curl viral disease

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF NEBIVOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND CILNIDIPINE

Objective: The proposed method describes method development and validation of nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine in combined pharmaceutical tablet dosage form by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) having adequate specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Methods: Nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine drug combination is used for the treatment of hypertension. Precoated aluminum plates with silica gel 60 F254 (E-Merck, Germany) were used for the chromatographic separation which was carried using chloroform:glacial acetic acid:methanol, in 8.5:1:0.5 (v/v/v) as a mobile phase. HPTLC separation of two drugs was carried by densitometric measurement at 270 nm. Reults: The drugs were satisfactorily resolved with retardation factor values of 0.0.29±0.008 and 0.69±0.007 for nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 100–1000 ng/spot and 50–500 ng/spot for nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine, respectively. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.989 and 0.996 for nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine, respectively. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 16.395 ng/band and 49.681 ng/band and 31.788ng/band and 96.328 ng/band, respectively. The mean recovery was found to be 100.570–101.936 and 100.269–101.333 for nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision was found to be within the limit. Conclusion: A simple, accurate, precise, and sensitive HPTLC method has been developed and validated in combined pharmaceutical tablet dosage form for simultaneous estimation of nebivolol hydrochloride and cilnidipine

Case Report Sclerosing Sertoli Cell Tumor of the Testis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

ABSTRAC