Alliance formation: A study of the Malaysian automobile supporting industry

Competition in global industries is shifting increasingly from inter-firm rivalry to rivalry between networks of firms. Strategies of individual firms are thus contingent on the degree of interdependence that exists between them and the parent firm in the network. The present study examines the effect of network affiliation on a member firm's decision to enter a foreign market and international strategic alliance formation. Affiliate firms have two options available to them: (1) enter into a competitive strategic alliance with a competitor or (2) enter into a symbiotic strategic alliance with the parent firm of the network organization. We tested this assertion using data from archival sources on sixty-five Japanese automobile suppliers that had set up strategic alliances in Malaysia and that belonged to various inter-organizational networks. Results indicate that when affiliate firms are dependent on the parent firm, they prefer to form symbiotic strategic alliances. Conversely, affiliate firms prefer competitive strategic alliances with competitors when they are not dependent on the parent firm

An empirical study of foreign direct investments of Malaysian multinationals: wholly-owned subsidiaries and international joint ventures

This article aims to provide an insight into the use of foreign direct investments of Malaysian multinationals as market entry modes. We developed a conceptual framework incorporating levels of control, competencies, and costs of foreign investments for market entry modes as wholly-owned subsidiaries and international joint ventures and tested our model with a survey of CEOs and managing directors at Malaysian multinational companies. Our findings suggest Malaysian multinationals are strongly influenced by their strategic motivations and their desire to exploit synergies in their choice of entry mode between wholly-owned subsidiaries and international joint ventures

Sustainability from agricultural waste: Chiral ligands from oligomeric proanthocyanidins via acid-mediated depolymerization

10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.123Tetrahedron Letters51486322-6324TELE