Demographic Profiles of Iranian Individuals with Personality Disorder

Background and Aim:Personality disorders (PDs) are widespread, rigid, and maladaptive with collections of traits that impair individuals and limit their capacity to function effectively. Recent studiesindicate that PDs are consistently associated with several demographic characteristics. The present study was conducted toinvestigate the differences between the demographic characteristics of DSM-5 Sections II and III PDs in an Iranian clinical sample. Materials and Methods:Data on the demographic distribution of DSM-5 Sections II and III PDs were derived from a total of 430 Iranian patients with PDs presenting to four clinical centers in Tehran using well-established measures. Different statistical analysis methods were used to compare demographic differences between DSM-5 Sections II and III PDs. These analyzes were performed using SPSS software V. 22. Results:Data analysis indicated that educational level, gender, age, marital status, average monthly household costs, and ethnicity had an impact on most PDs. In return, birth order accounted for the changes in only DSM-5 Section II histrionic PD. Conclusion:Current research reveals that certain demographic subgroups have an impact on PDs. Accordingly, the need for psychiatric services for these individuals needs to be explored

Early Maladaptive Schemas as Predictors of Child Anxiety: The Role of Child and Mother Schemas

This study investigated the relationship between symptoms of anxiety in children and early maladaptive schemas in children and their mothers. Early maladaptive schemas are dysfunctional ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that develop as a result of adverse experiences with significant others in childhood, and lead to a higher risk of psychopathology. A sample of 200 non-clinical children (aged 9-13 years) completed the SCARED (Birmaher et al., 1997) and SIC (Rijkeboer and De Boo, 2010), their mothers completed the YSQ-SF (Young 1998). The psychometric properties of the SCARED separation anxiety and social phobia scales were inadequate. Regression analyses found that child anxiety scores were mainly predicted by the child schemas of loneliness, submission and vulnerability, which are similar to the anxiety predictors identified in adult samples. The failure schema was strongly related to anxiety symptoms in girls. Differences in schema predictors were found between girls and boys, and between different anxiety scales. Mother schemas were generally poor predictors of child anxiety symptoms. Support was found for the proposal that the schemas of self-sacrifice and enmeshment may not be maladaptive in children. This study identified several early maladaptive schemas that are significantly related to child anxiety symptoms, but further research is required to establish the causal direction of these relationships. Research in clinical samples is recommended to determine whether specific child schemas can differentiate between different types of psychopathology. The reliability and validity of the SCARED in Iranian children is questionable, and requires further examination.

The Relationship between the Structures of Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (PID-5) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF)

Objective: The Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID-5), is a trait-based measure of pathological personality designed to assess Criterion B of an alternative diagnostic system for personality disorders (PDs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relations among the PID-5 and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF); a commonly used self-report instrument with a hierarchical structure. Method: We examined the joint structure of the PID-5 scales along with levels of the MMPI-2-RF hierarchy to understand whether conceptually expected structures tend to be loaded with each other. Data were collected from 536 participants from the general population of Iran. Results: Findings of Pearson’s correlation analyses exhibited the generally expected patterns between the two mentioned measures on most scales, with some divergences. Similarly, although applying a set of joint exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) exhibited some factor loadings for PID-5 facets within the hierarchical framework of MMPI-2-RF scales that were different to what was theoretically expected, both measures were generally loaded in a conceptually expected way, indicating that they have a similar dimensional structure. Conclusion: Our findings provide support for adequate convergence of maladaptive personality traits and psychopathology structures, as well as for utilizing MMPI-2-RF to measure personality psychopathology from a dimensional perspective. The implications of these results are discussed by the authors

Validity and reliability of the multidimensional student’s life satisfaction scale among Iranian girl students

Life satisfaction is a subjective and unique concept for each person that constitutes an essential component of the subjective well-being. The aim of his study was investigating the psychometric properties of Multidimentional student’s Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) by using confirmatory factor analysis. Sample size of 307 students in Tehran were selected randomly. To calculate the convergent validity of MSLSS, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Body Image Concern Inventory were implemented. Confirmatory factor structure for the first-order approach to MSLSS estimated using weighted least squares (WLS) criteria for assessing the adequacy of the data model with RMR, RMSEA, CFI, AGFI, GFI, 2c, / df2 c and 2 D c used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of MSLSS was above 0.70 and the limit was satisfactory. Factor structure of the MSLSS after the first time using confirmatory factor analysis was confirmed. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that MSLSS is a significant positive relationship with Satisfaction with Life Scale and significant negative relationship with Body Image Concern Inventory which shows the convergent validity. A single first-order factor structure of MSLSS were better fit with the observed data. Confirmatory factor structure, reliability and validity of the MSLSS for research applications and clinical diagnostics were within acceptable limit