Assessment the Social Determinants of Health in Pregnant Women Referring to Mashhad educational Hospitals in 2019

Background: Being a mother is sweetest experience of women in her life. Nevertheless, it may also prove unpleasant owing to a wide range of factors that put a mother's life and health at risk during pregnancy and delivery. The aim of study was to identify the social determinants of health in pregnant women referring to Mashhad educational hospitals in 2019. Methods: The research sample in this descriptive study comprises 1020 pregnant women who were monitored and visited at Mashhad educational hospitals. Data was collected by means of personal and midwifery application forms and, subsequently, analyzed by SPSS®-v20 software. Significant level was set at 0.05. Results: According to the results, the cases studied were confronted with social factors such as spouse unemployment (4.6%), spouse illiteracy (5%), personal illiteracy (5%), bad hygiene behaviors (10.5% with smoking habit), and drug abuse (2.2%). At the same time, 19% of the cases had no insurance coverage. Conclusions: In addition to the common pregnancy and labor risks, pregnant women are challenged by issues such as poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy that significantly affect their life-quality as well as their ability to improve their health standard.  Keywords: Health Social Determinants, Pregnant Women, Educational Hospitals

Preconception Care Utilization and Its Predictors in Women Referring to Teaching Hospitals in Mashhad

Background: It has been more than four decades since preconception care was recognized as an important part of women’s healthcare. However, most women do not seek preconception care. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the predictors of receiving preconception care. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 1,019 pregnant women who referred to Mashhad teaching hospitals in 2019. The convenience sampling method was used for sample selection and the required data were collected through a questionnaire. Furthermore, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16). Results: This study showed 33% of the women had utilized preconception care. Number of children (AOR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.6) , housing status (AOR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.23,0.91) , folic acid consumption (AOR: 14.54; 95% CI: 8.75,24.16), Received information regarding PCC (AOR: 8.67; 95% CI: 5.27,14.26) were significantly associated with preconception care service utilization. Conclusions: According to the results, a different strategy should be adopted from what has been adopted so far to raise public awareness of the importance of pre-pregnancy care. Since a significant relationship has been reported between obtaining information on pre-pregnancy care and receiving this care, modifying information methods to promote public awareness seems necessary. Keywords: predictor, preconception care, utilization of care, childbearing age women, teaching hospital, Mashha

Assessment the Social Determinants of Health in Pregnant Women Referring to Mashhad educational Hospitals in 2019

Background: Being a mother is sweetest experience of women in her life. Nevertheless, it may also prove unpleasant owing to a wide range of factors that put a mother's life and health at risk during pregnancy and delivery. The aim of study was to identify the social determinants of health in pregnant women referring to Mashhad educational hospitals in 2019. Methods: The research sample in this descriptive study comprises 1020 pregnant women who were monitored and visited at Mashhad educational hospitals. Data was collected by means of personal and midwifery application forms and, subsequently, analyzed by SPSS®-v20 software. Significant level was set at 0.05. Results: According to the results, the cases studied were confronted with social factors such as spouse unemployment (4.6%), spouse illiteracy (5%), personal illiteracy (5%), bad hygiene behaviors (10.5% with smoking habit), and drug abuse (2.2%). At the same time, 19% of the cases had no insurance coverage. Conclusions: In addition to the common pregnancy and labor risks, pregnant women are challenged by issues such as poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy that significantly affect their life-quality as well as their ability to improve their health standard.  Keywords: Health Social Determinants, Pregnant Women, Educational Hospitals

Stability and antimicrobial effect of amikacin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of amikacin were designed in this study for pulmonary delivery to reduce the dose or its administration intervals leading to reduction of its toxicities especially in long term treatment. Nanoparticles of amikacin were prepared from cholesterol by solvent diffusion technique and homogenization. The size, zeta potential, loading efficiency, and release profile of the nanoparticles were studied. The conventional broth macrodilution tube method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriostatic concentration (MBC) of amikacin SLNs with respect to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. To guarantee the stability of desired SLNs, they were lyophilized using cryoprotectants. Results showed that considering the release profile of amikacin from the studied nanocarrier, MIC and MBC of amikacin could be about two times less in SLNs of amikacin compared to the free drug. Therefore, fewer doses of amikacin in SLNs can clear the infection with less adverse effects and more safety. Particle size enlargement after lyophilization of desired SLNs after two months storage was limited in comparison with non-lyophilized particles, 996 and 194 nm, respectively. Zeta potential of lyophilized particles was increased to +17 mV from +4 mV before lyophilization. Storage of particles in higher temperature caused accelerated drug release

Evaluation of scientific outputs of Kashan University in Scopus Citation Database 2012-2016

Background and aim: Scientometrics is a modern field of library and information science, which is used to measure the sciences quantitatively at national and international levels in order to rank the publications, universities and countries. The aim of this study was to determine the scientific outputs of faculty members in Kashan University as a sample of Iranian universities from 2012 to 2016. Material and methods: Data were collected from Scopus through scientometric method. Scientific outputs of faculty members in Kashan University were evaluated from 2012 to 2016. Data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS 20 via ANOVA and T-student tests. Findings: Results showed that the highest number of scientific outputs was original articles (89.3%) of which 85.49% were written by male researchers. Faculty members with degree of professor had the highest number of scientific outputs (41.2%). There was no significant relationship among different educational groups in terms of scientific outputs (P=0.31). Faculty members of the basic sciences (59.55%) and engineering (36.59%) had the highest scientific outputs, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that scientific outputs of this University have been had ascending trend during recent five years, which is an effective factor in improving and promoting the scientific status of Kashan University among national and international universities

Aging of mesenchymal stem cell in vitro

BACKGROUND: A hot new topic in medical treatment is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in therapy. The low frequency of this subpopulation of stem cells in bone marrow (BM) necessitates their in vitro expansion prior to clinical use. We evaluated the effect of long term culture on the senescence of these cells. RESULTS: The mean long term culture was 118 days and the mean passage number was 9. The average number of PD decreased from 7.7 to 1.2 in the 10th passage. The mean telomere length decreased from 9.19 Kbp to 8.7 kbp in the 9th passage. Differentiation potential dropped from the 6th passage on. The culture's morphological abnormalities were typical of the Hayflick model of cellular aging. CONCLUSION: We believe that MSC enter senescence almost undetectably from the moment of in vitro culturing. Simultaneously these cells are losing their stem cell characteristics. Therefore, it is much better to consider them for cell and gene therapy early on

Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Testicular Cells of Men with Obstructive Azoospermia; a Case-Control Study

Introduction: Obstructive azoospermia is one of the causes of post-testicular infertility in men and previous studies have reported inconsistent levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme in these patients. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide further evidence on the expression of eNOS enzyme in patients with azoospermia. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 10 patients, who were diagnosed with azoospermia and were referred to the infertility center for treatment or diagnosis, and 7 healthy fertile men were recruited. An informed written consent was obtained from included subjects and they underwent testicular biopsies. Samples were assessed via immunohistochemical methods to determine their levels of eNOS expression. Results: Both leydig and sertoli cells were found to express eNOS, while this enzyme was not expressed in normal germinal cells. The only significant difference between the two groups was the level of eNOS expression in sertoli cells which was found to be higher in patients with obstructive azoospermia compared to the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, sertoli cells and their interactions with germinal cells of seminiferous tubule might play an important role in sperm quality and a subsequent successful fertilization

Effect of the Health Belief Model based education on Hypertension Reduction among Elderly Women Affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences- 2018

زمینه و اهداف: پرفشاری خون مشکل بهداشتی در سراسر جهان می­باشد. در کشورهای با درآمد کم و متوسط حدود نیمی از افراد مبتلا از بیماری خود آگاه هستند، نیمی از آنان، درمان دریافت می­کنند و اکثر آن­ها فشارخون خود را کنترل نمی­کنند. آموزش بهداشت، به­ویژه استفاده از نظریه­ها و الگوها، مداخله­ای مهم جهت کنترل فشارخون می­باشند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین میزان تأثیر آموزش مبتنی بر الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی بر کاهش پرفشاری خون در زنان سالمند تحت پوشش دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی در سال 97-1396 انجام شد. مواد و روش­ها: مطالعه­ حاضر مطالعه­ای مداخله­ای از نوع قبل و بعد می­باشد که به روش نمونه­گیری در دسترس روی 39 نفر از زنان سالمند 79-60 ساله مبتلابه پرفشاری خون انجام شد. با توجه به تمامی موازین اخلاقی، مشخصات جمعیت شناختی در برگه ثبت یادداشت شد و فشارخون اندازه­گیری شد. مداخله آموزشی طی سه جلسه­ 45 دقیقه­ای انجام شد و فشارخون یک ماه پس از پایان مداخله اندازه­گیری شد. داده­ها با استفاده ازSPSS و به کمک آمار توصیفی و آزمون تی زوجی تجزیه ­و ­تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: میانگین فشارخون سیستولیک و دیاستولیک پیش از مداخله 13/7±145/3 و 5/8±93/4 میلی­متر جیوه بود که پس از آموزش به 13/2±142/5 و7±91/4 میلی­متر جیوه رسید که این اختلاف در فشارخون سیستولیک معنادار بود (0/046=p) اما در فشارخون دیاستولیک معنادار نبود. نتیجه‌گیری: آموزش مبتنی بر الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی در کاهش فشارخون زنان سالمند مبتلا به پرفشاری خون مؤثر بوده است. پیشنهاد می­گردد از این مدل به‌منظور آموزش کنترل پرفشاری خون در زنان سالمند استفاده گردد.Background and Aims: Hypertension is a health problem worldwide. In low and middle income countries, about half of the people with hypertension are aware of their illness, half of whom receive treatment, and most of them do not control their blood pressure. Health education is an important intervention for controlling blood pressure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on health belief model on hypertension in elderly women affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Materials and Methods: The present study is an interventional study of before-after type that was conducted on 39 females aged 60-79 years old with hypertension which were selected with convenient sampling method. According to all ethical standards, demographic data sheets were filled and blood pressure was measured. Educational intervention was performed in 3 sessions of 45 minutes. Blood pressure was measured one month later at the end of the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics and paired t-test. Results: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure before intervention was 145.3 ± 13.7 and 93.4 ± 5.8 mm Hg, and after training was 142.5 ± 13.2 and 91.4 ± 7 mm Hg. This difference was statistically significant in systolic blood pressure (P=0.046), but it was not significant in diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Education based on health belief model is effective in reducing hypertension in elderly women with hypertension. It is suggested that this model be used to control blood pressure in elderly women

The effect of education based on Health Belief Model on promoting skin care behaviors among hemodialysis patients in selected hospitals under the auspices of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, 2016

زمینه و اهداف: اختلالات پوستی در بیماری نارسایی مزمن کلیه پیشرونده، شایع می‌باشند. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین تاثیر آموزش مبتنی بر الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی بر ارتقای رفتارهای مراقبت از پوست بیماران همودیالیزی در بیمارستان‌های  منتخب دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی در سال 1395 انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این  مطالعه تجربی، روی 70 بیمار همودیالیزی در دو گروه مورد و شاهد به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی صورت گرفت. نمونه‌هاي مورد بررسي طي سه مرحله با پرسشنامه خود ساخته مورد ارزشيابي قرار گرفتند. آموزش به صورت مشاوره فردی با وسيله كمك آموزشي پمفلت ارائه شد. داده‌های جمع آوری شده با نرم افزار SPSS16  و با استفاده از آزمون‌های آماری تی مستقل و دقیق فیشر و کی دو و اندازه گیری‌های مکرر مورد تجزیه تحلیل قرار گرفتند. تمام مراحل مطالعه حاضر طبق موازین اخلاقی اجرا گردید. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد، قبل از مداخله، میانگین نمرات حساسیت و شدت درک شده و رفتار مراقبت از پوست در گروه شاهد، بیشتر از گروه مداخله بود که پس از آموزش، میانگین تمام نمرات متغیرهای فوق در گروه مداخله به طور معناداری افزایش یافت. نتیجه‌گیری: آموزش بهداشت از طریق الگوی اعتقاد بهداشتی، رفتارهای مراقبت از پوست بیماران همودیالیزی را ارتقا می‌بخشد.  Background and Aims: Skin disorders are common in progressing chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of education based on health belief model on promoting skin care behaviors among hemodialysis patients in selected hospitals under the auspices of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2016.Materials and Methods: The present experimental intervention was carried out on 70 hemodialysis patients in the two case and control groups through random sampling. Samples were evaluated in three stages with a self-administered questionnaire. Education was presented as counseling method using an educational file. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 16.0) through t-test, Fisher and chi-square. All stages of the study was conducted according to moral standards.Findings: The results showed that the mean scores of perceived sensitivity and severity as well as skin care behaviors were higher in control group as compared to the intervention group. Scores of all variables in intervention group were significantly increased after intervention.Conclusion: Health education promotes skin care behaviors of hemodialysis patients through health belief model

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) Tissue of Human Umbilical Cord (hUC); a Protocol

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with their spindle like shapes are a lineage of stem cells with the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes and with CD105, CD73, and CD90 expression and the lack of CD34, CD14, CD45, and HLA - DR expression. The immunomodulatory, angiogenic, antiapoptotic, antimicrobial, and antioxidative characteristics of these cells made them more attractive in the field of cell - therapy for several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including diabetes, neurological disorders, sepsis, cardiac ischemia, and GvHD. For this reason, various protocols have been proposed to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from different tissue sources, such as adipose tissue (AT), umbilical cord (UC), Wharton’s jelly (WJ), bone marrow (BM), dental pulp, and even menstrual fluid. Considering the ease of access to the umbilical cord tissue and the fact that this tissue is rich in MSCs with embryonic origin and higher proliferation rate and lower senescence of the cells, the umbilical cord became a suitable source for explant MSC culture. In this study, we decided to introduce an explant culture protocol of MSCs that is less expensive and cost - effective achieving a high yield of MSCs