Phylogenetic analysis of Neuraminidase gene of avian influenza H5N1 subtype detected in Iran in 1390(2011)

Abstract Background & aim: Among the various subtypes of avian influenza viruses, an H5N1 subtype virus with high pathogenicity is of great importance. The aim of this study was to determine the Phylogenetic analysis of neuraminidase gene of avian influenza virus subtype of the H5N1 in Iran in 1390. Methods: In this experimental study, two swab samples from chickens with suspected symptoms of avian influenza were tested by the World Health Organization recommendation. The neuraminidase gene of positive samples was amplified by RT-PCR technique. After sequencing the phylogenetic studies were analyzed using MEGA5 and Megalign. Results: Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus belongs to the Clade 2.3.2.1 which is highly similar to the viruses that are identified in Mongolia in 2010. Also in the stem of this virus neuraminidase protein a number of 20 amino acid has been deleted at position 69-49. Conclusion: Due to findings of this study, it seems that the virus has entered by migratory wild birds with the origin of Mongolia. Key words: Influenza, Avian, Neuraminidas

Investigating availability and distribution trend of human resources affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran from 2009 to 2015

Background and Objectives: Quantitative and qualitative improvement of human resources inequality have a significant effect on achievement to health system goals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of geographic, supply, and gender distribution inequality of human resources of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) in Iran. Methods: In this descriptive study, the trend of human resources of the Ministry of Health during the years 2009-2015 was investigated based on gender, level of education, and type of employment. In order to study the inequality, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient index were used. Data were collected from the Human Resources Office of the Deputy of Management Development and Resources of the MOHME and analyzed by Excel 2013 and Stata-14 software. Results: In the present study, women had the highest portion with a growth rate of 6.66% in 2015 and a Gini coefficient of 0.29 except in 2011. The highest and lowest growth rate compared to the base year in 2010 was related to specialist doctors (83.12) and general practitioners (-19.61), respectively. The lowest and highest Gini coefficient was related to the associate degree (0.26) and subspecialty (0.45), respectively. Conclusion: The present study was the first study to investigate the trend of changes in the human resources characteristics of the MOHME at a national level. Since this study only considered the quantity of the trend of human resources changes, it is recommended that the quality of human resources be investigated in the future studies