Meta-analysis of case-referent studies of specific environmental or occupational pollutants on lung cancer

BACKGROUND: Meta-analysis is a statistical tool for combining and integrating the results of independent studies of a given scientific issue. The present investigation was initiated to investigate case-referent studies of lung cancer risk from specific environmental and occupational pollutants, using detailed individual exposure data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To examine the risk of lung cancer associated with environmental and occupational pollutants, a meta-analysis of published case-control studies was undertaken using a random effects model. For this study, the papers were selected for review from electronic search of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar during 1990-2006. The principal outcome measure was the odds ratio for the risk of lung cancer. Twelve study reports detailing the relationship between the lung cancer and the type of exposure were identified. RESULTS: The odds ratio of asbestos, cooking fuel, cooking fumes, motor and diesel exhaust related to lung cancer were 1.67, 1.99, 2.52 and 1.42 ( P < 0.001), respectively. The odds ratio of metal fumes related to lung cancer was 1.28 (0.001< P < 0.01). The combined odds ratio for the environmental and occupational exposure related to lung cancer was 1.67 ( P< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis of the present study shows the magnitude association between asbestos, cooking fumes, cooking fuels, motor and diesel exhaust, with lung cancer risk. Lung cancer risk may be reduced by controlling exposure levels

WEIGHTED RIESZ BASES IN G-FUSION FRAMES AND THEIR PERTURBATION

In this paper, we introduce orthonormal and Riesz bases for g-fusion frames and show that the weights have basic roles. Next, we prove an effective theorem between frames and g-fusion frames by using an operator. Finally, perturbations of g-fusion frames will be presented

Targeting Huntington’s disease through histone deacetylases

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition with significant burdens on both patient and healthcare costs. Despite extensive research, treatment options for patients with this condition remain limited. Aberrant post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is emerging as an important element in the pathogenesis of HD. These PTMs include acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination. Several families of proteins are involved with the regulation of these PTMs. In this review, I discuss the current evidence linking aberrant PTMs and/or aberrant regulation of the cellular machinery regulating these PTMs to HD pathogenesis. Finally, I discuss the evidence suggesting that pharmacologically targeting one of these protein families the histone deacetylases may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of HD

Chitosan– Gelatin (Ch-G) Thin Membrane with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs): A New Model As A Dressing Bandage

Background and Purpose: Various methods for repairing defects and injuries such as wounds and cuts on the body have long been used. Biocompatible material into the body for the purposes of applying the Chitosan and gelatin are among them. On the other hand, recently the use and application of special cells in the bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) to produce a wide variety of growth factors and tropic factors in the healing and restoration of great concern was. Methods: In this study, a thin film of polymer solution (Ch-G) of mixture casting method, cells with BMSCs were obtained. For this purpose, cells were passage BMSCs after four steps, the thin membrane (Ch-G) were cultured. Adhesion of the BMSCs cells by inverted microscopy, the purity and the stem was examined by immunocytochemistry after the sixth day. Results: Demonstrate that the proper proliferation and apoptosis of cells during this period was low on the membrane. The results showed no significant difference between the cells on thin membranes (Ch-G) compared with the control group. Conclusion: Considering that BMSCs can easily be on thin-film cells (Ch-G), growth and reproduction are good, so it can cover the cell membrane as a dressing Adhesive Bandage to repair some defects, wounds used and bone fractures

The Study of Prevalence of Low Birth Weight Newborns in Hamadan's Meternity Hospitals During The First 9 Months of 1974

The study of Prevalence of Low Birth Weight newborns in Hamadan's Maternity hospitals during the first 9 months in 1374.The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of low birth weight infants in Hamadan. For this reason the whole births during the first 9 months in year 1374 in Hamadan's maternity hospitals was studied and each of LEW infant was Considered as a "Case". Inspite of each LBW, two babies with normal weight was selected as Control group. The total number of records which were studied were 9145. Results showed that the prevalence of LBW is 10.8% . The statistical tests indicates that there is association between the newborn's weight and the type of pregnancy (Singleton or multiple), mother's age, gravidity and maternal disease.(P<0.0001). No relationship was found between the newborn's sex and his or her weight at birth

Classification of Death Rate due to Women’s Cancers in Different Countries

Background:The two most frequently diagnosed cancers among women worldwide are breast and cervical cancers.The objective of the present study was to classify the different countries based on the death rates from sex specific cancers.Methods: In this cross-sectional study,we used dataset regarding death rate from breast, cervical,uterine,and ovarian cancers in 190 countries worldwide reported by World Health Organization. Normal mixture models were fitted with different numbers of components to these data. The model's parameters estimated using the EM algorithm. Then, appropriate number of components was determined and was selected the best-fit model using the BIC criteria. Next, model-based clustering was used to allocate the world countries into different clusters based on the distribution of women's cancers. The MIXMOD program using MATLAB software was used for data analysis.Results: The best model selected with four components. Then, countries were allocated into four clusters including 43 (23%) in the first cluster, 28 (14%) in the second cluster, 75 (39%) in the third cluster, and 44 (24%) in the fourth cluster.Most countries in South America were to the first cluster.In addition, most countries in Africa, Central,and Southeast Asia were located to the third cluster. Furthermore, the fourth cluster consisted of Pacific continent, North America and European countries.Conclusion:Considering the benefits of clustering based on normal mixture models,it seems that can be applied this method in wide variety of medical and public heath contexts

OBESITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN WOMEN IN CENTRAL IRAN - WOMEN'S HEALTHY HEART PROJECT

Abstract&nbsp; INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered the most important cause of death worldwide. Obesity is a major CVD risk factor. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and its association with other CVD risk factors in Iranian women. methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2001 as part of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) in three Central Iranian cities of Isfahan, Najaf-Abad and Arak. Being over 19 years of age, absence of pregnancy, absence of mental retardation and Iranian nationality were the criteria for inclusion in the study. A questionnaire on demographics characteristics, drug consumption, smoking status, and physical activity were filled out for every subject. Height, weight and blood pressure of all subjects were measured and fasting blood samples were taken to measure blood glucose and lipids. The data were analyzed with T-test, &chi;2 and multiple linear regression, using SPSS11. results: Of 6391 women aged 38.8&plusmn;14.5 years participating in the study, 79% lived in the urban areas and 21% in the rural areas. The prevalence of a higher BMI was greater in urban areas in all ages. Hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol-triglyceride and LDL-C disorders and inadequate physical activity were more prevalent in obese women than normal ones, but no significant difference was seen in HDL-C disorder and smoking between the two groups (P&lt;0.05). There was a significant positive relationship between BMI and age, blood glucose and urban residence, and a negative relationship was observed between BMI and inadequate physical activity (P&lt;0.05). Discussion: The high prevalence of obesity and the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in urban areas is testament to unhealthy lifestyle and insufficient physical activity of women in areas studied.Keywords . Women . Obesity . Residence . Risk factor</p