Biokinematic analysis of human body

Thesis (Doctoral)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Izmir, 2011Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 118-123)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxiii, 123 leavesThis thesis concentrates on the development of rigid body geometries by using method of intersections, where simple geometric shapes representing revolute (R) and prismatic (P) joint motions are intersected by means of desired space or subspace requirements to create specific rigid body geometries in predefined octahedral fixed frame. Using the methodical approach, space and subspace motions are clearly visualized by the help of resulting geometrical entities that have physical constraints with respect to the fixed working volume. Also, this work focuses on one of the main areas of the fundamental mechanism and machine science, which is the structural synthesis of robot manipulators by inserting recurrent screws into the theory. After the transformation unit screw equations are presented, physical representations and kinematic representations of kinematic pairs with recurrent screws are given and the new universal mobility formulations for mechanisms and manipulators are introduced. Moreover the study deals with the synthesis of mechanisms by using quaternion and dual quaternion algebra to derive the objective function. Three different methods as interpolation approximation, least squares approximation and Chebyshev approximation is introduced in the function generation synthesis procedures of spherical four bar mechanism in six precision points. Separate examples are given for each section and the results are tabulated. Comparisons between the methods are also given. As an application part of the thesis, the most important elements of the human body and skeletal system is investigated by means of their kinematic structures and degrees of freedom. At the end of each section, an example is given as a mechanism or manipulator that can represent the behavior of the related element in the human body

Integration of the hybrid-structure haptic interface: HIPHAD v1.0

Design, manufacturing, integration and initial test results of the 6-DoF haptic interface, HIPHAD v1.0, are presented in this paper. The hybrid haptic robot mechanism is composed of a 3-DoF parallel platform manipulator, R-Cube, for translational motions and a 3-DoF serial wrist mechanism for monitoring the rotational motions of the handle. The device is capable of displaying point-type of contact since only the R-Cube mechanism is actuated. The dimensions and the orientation of the R-Cube mechanism are reconfigured to comply with the requirements of the haptic system design criteria. The system has several advantages such as relatively trivial kinematical analysis, compactness and high stiffness. The integration of the system along with its mechanism, data acquisition card (DAQ), motor drivers, motors, position sensors, and computer control interface are outlined.Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the 7th European Community Framework Programm

Design and analysis of a parallel mechanism for kinematically redundant hybrid planar laser cutting machine

Conventional planar laser cutting machines cannot achieve high accelerations, because the required precision values cannot be achieved due to the high inertial loads. Machines configured as kinematically redundant mechanisms are able to reach 5-6 g acceleration levels since they include a parallel mechanism with a smaller workspace which is exposed to smaller inertial loads. The study presented in this paper focuses on the design of a parallel planar mechanism to be integrated to the main axes of conventional planar laser cutting machines to achieve higher accelerations of the laser head up to 6 g. Parallel mechanism’s conceptual design and dynamic balancing studies are provided along with the joint clearance effect on precision due to having more joint structures.Republic of Turkey Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology & Coşkunöz Metal Form (Project code: 01668.STZ.2012-2

On kinematically redundant planar laser cutting machines

Alışılagelmiş düzlemsel lazer kesme tezgahları XY düzleminde hareket için X ve Y doğrultularında doğrusal kızaklar üstünde eylemi gerçekleştirirken yüksek atalet kuvvetleri etkisi ile hassasiyet kaybı meydana geldiği için yüksek ivmelere çıkamamaktadır. Son yıllarda bazı yurt dışı bazlı firmalar geleneksel düzlemsel lazer kesme tezgahlarına fazladan eyleyici sistem ekleyerek kinematik olarak artıksıl hibrit mekanizmalar oluşturmuş ve kesici kafa için yüksek ivme seviyelerine çıkabilmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada geçmiş çalışmalarda ve piyasada bulunan yüksek ivmeli lazer kesim makinaları incelenmiştir. Lazer kesim makinalarında kullanılabilecek farklı mekanizmalar, bunların birleşimleriyle hibrit makina oluşturulması ve hassasiyet arttırıcı önlemler bildiri kapsamında irdelenmiştir. Makinanın işi en kısa sürede bitirmesi için eyleyici hareketlerini eniyileyecek kinematik olarak artıksıl robot denetleyicileri de bu çalışma kapsamında araştırılmıştır.Conventional planar laser cutting machines with Cartesian XY motion systems cannot achieve high acceleration values while preserving the desired precision values due to high inertial forces. Recently some foreign companies have integrated redundant manipulators to the conventional planar laser cutting machines and hence obtained kinematically redundant hybrid mechanisms in order to achieve high acceleration values for the laser cutting head. This study reviews high acceleration laser cutting machines that appear in previous studies and in the market. Various types of mechanisms that can be used in laser cutting applications, the hybrid machines hence obtained and the measures for increasing precision are investigated. Also the kinematically redundant robot controllers are investigated for optimization of the manipulator motion in order to minimize the process time.İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü ve Coşkunöz Metal Form Endüstri ve Ticaret A.Ş

Biokinematic analysis of human body

Thesis (Doctoral)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Izmir, 2011Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 118-123)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxiii, 123 leavesThis thesis concentrates on the development of rigid body geometries by using method of intersections, where simple geometric shapes representing revolute (R) and prismatic (P) joint motions are intersected by means of desired space or subspace requirements to create specific rigid body geometries in predefined octahedral fixed frame. Using the methodical approach, space and subspace motions are clearly visualized by the help of resulting geometrical entities that have physical constraints with respect to the fixed working volume. Also, this work focuses on one of the main areas of the fundamental mechanism and machine science, which is the structural synthesis of robot manipulators by inserting recurrent screws into the theory. After the transformation unit screw equations are presented, physical representations and kinematic representations of kinematic pairs with recurrent screws are given and the new universal mobility formulations for mechanisms and manipulators are introduced. Moreover the study deals with the synthesis of mechanisms by using quaternion and dual quaternion algebra to derive the objective function. Three different methods as interpolation approximation, least squares approximation and Chebyshev approximation is introduced in the function generation synthesis procedures of spherical four bar mechanism in six precision points. Separate examples are given for each section and the results are tabulated. Comparisons between the methods are also given. As an application part of the thesis, the most important elements of the human body and skeletal system is investigated by means of their kinematic structures and degrees of freedom. At the end of each section, an example is given as a mechanism or manipulator that can represent the behavior of the related element in the human body

Shoulder Rehabilitation Robot

본 발명은 회전력을 발생하는 구동부와, 복수 개의 링크들의 연결 지점이 회전 가능하게 연결되는 4절 링크장치와, 전, 후방향 선형운동을 구현하는 크랭크 및 커넥팅로드가 결합되어, 하나의 구동축을 이용하여 어깨 견갑면을 기준으로 한 어깨의 굴곡/신전 운동 또는 어깨의 내전/외전 운동이 구현되어, 선택적으로 어깨의 굴곡/신전 또는 내전/외전 재활 운동을 실시할 수 있어, 실제 임상에서 어깨 재활하기에 앞서 시행되어야 한다고 알려진 견갑골의 내전/외전 재활 운동을 제공할 수 있고, 실제 사람의 움직임 궤적을 기반으로 가동궤도가 설정되므로, 피운동자에게 위화감이 없으며, 자연스러운 재활 동작이 가능한 어깨 재활로봇을 제공한다

On the Design of a Single Degree of Freedom Upper Arm Rehabilitation Robot with Its Gamification Methodology

Throughout human life, neurological disorders may occur in body parts with accidents or other biological factors by destroying nerve commands. Stroke is one of the main causes among these disorders. Increase in stroke cases causes to increase requirement in continuous and efficient repetitive physiotherapy exercises that have great benefits in restoring functional losses by retraining motor movements. As a result, demand in treatments increases in parallel and it needs to be fulfilled in a simplest and fastest way. Given these facts, current study focuses on a simple low cost single degree of freedom tip follower rehabilitation system that focuses on forearm flexion/extension including supportive shoulder movements and that is implemented to a regular motion and interaction control structures with applications. With its simple mechanical structure, system provides a simple motion control for initial stages of treatment which is the patient passive mode, then follows an interaction control strategy with adjustable assistance and resistance, which is the patient active mode. Throughout the interaction control study, admittance control with variable coefficients have been carried out on the system for the patient active mode. At the end of the study, control algorithm variables created via case studies were implemented to the robotic rehabilitation system and functionality of the proposed approach was tested within designed game

Synthesis of function generating spherical four bar mechanism for the six independent parameters

This study deals with the function generation synthesis of spherical four bar mechanism for six independent construction parameters φ0, ψ0, α1, α2, α3, and α4 by giving six or more design points with respect to the methods that are used in synthesis procedure. Quaternion algebra is used to derive the objective function of spherical four bar mechanism by following some rotational sequences. Three different methods as interpolation approximation, least squares approximation and Chebyshev approximation are used during synthesis procedure. During the consecutive trials in Chebyshev approximation, a new approach is taken to renew the design points φi by plotting the graph of the objective functions derivative and taking the roots of it as new design points with two boundary points. Separate examples are given for each section and the results are tabulated. Discussions about the study and comparisons between the used methods are given at the end of the study

Classification of manipulators of the same origin by virtue of compactness and complexity

This work deals with a classification method that employs concepts such as complexity and compactness. The idea is to classify manipulators, or any other mechanism for that matter, of the same origin, based on the geometry of the joints, the tasks performed by the joints, the efficiency and the manufacturing cost to generate the specified efficiency. It is known that successive units on a single branch create individual uncertainties that affect the eventual quality of the performed operation [1]. An entropic expression quantifies this uncertainty in terms of the number of links and the unit effectiveness. The concepts of compactness and complexity have been formulated, and these concepts are explained through serial and parallel manipulators with varying parameters. Eventually, a cost function is created which is a function of complexity, uncertainty and the manufacturing cost. A worked example on M = 6 Stewart-Gough platform is given how this cost function could be taken advantage of when deciding an initial manipulator. A genetic algorithm is used for the optimization of the cost function, where the results are tabulated