Discriminant Analysis of Essay, Mathematics/Science Type of Essay, College Scholastic Ability Test, and Grade Point Average as Predictors of Acceptance to a Pre-med Course at a Korean Medical School

A discriminant analysis was conducted to investigate how an essay, a mathematics/science type of essay, a college scholastic ability test, and grade point average affect acceptance to a pre-med course at a Korean medical school. Subjects included 122 and 385 applicants for, respectively, early and regular admission to a medical school in Korea. The early admission examination was conducted in October 2007, and the regular admission examination was conducted in January 2008. The analysis of early admission data revealed significant F values for the mathematics/science type of essay (51.64; P<0.0001) and for grade point average (10.66; P=0.0014). The analysis of regular admission data revealed the following F values: 28.81 (P<0.0001) for grade point average, 27.47 (P<0.0001) for college scholastic ability test, 10.67 (P=0.0012) for the essay, and 216.74 (P<0.0001) for the mathematics/science type of essay. Since the mathematics/science type of essay had a strong effect on acceptance, an emphasis on this requirement and exclusion of other kinds of essays would be effective in subsequent entrance examinations for this premed course

Numerical Sensitivity Tests of Volatile Organic Compounds Emission to PM2.5 Formation during Heat Wave Period in 2018 in Two Southeast Korean Cities

A record-breaking severe heat wave was recorded in southeast Korea from 11 July to 15 August 2018, and the numerical sensitivity simulations of volatile organic compound (VOC) to secondarily generated particulate matter with diameter of less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) concentrations were studied in the Busan and Ulsan metropolitan areas in southeast Korea. A weather research and forecasting (WRF) model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) was employed, and we carried out VOC emission sensitivity simulations to investigate variations in PM2.5 concentrations during the heat wave period that occurred from 11 July to 15 August 2018. In our study, when anthropogenic VOC emissions from the Comprehensive Regional Emissions Inventory for Atmospheric Transport Experiment-2015 (CREATE-2015) inventory were increased by approximately a factor of five in southeast Korea, a better agreement with observations of PM2.5 mass concentrations was simulated, implying an underestimation of anthropogenic VOC emissions over southeast Korea. The simulated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) fraction, in particular, showed greater dominance during high temperature periods such as 19-21 July, 2018, with the SOA fractions of 42.3% (in Busan) and 34.3% (in Ulsan) among a sub-total of seven inorganic and organic components. This is considerably higher than observed annual mean organic carbon (OC) fraction (28.4 +/- 4%) among seven components, indicating the enhancement of secondary organic aerosols induced by photochemical reactions during the heat wave period in both metropolitan areas. The PM2.5 to PM10 ratios were 0.69 and 0.74, on average, during the study period in the two cities. These were also significantly higher than the typical range in those cities, which was 0.5-0.6 in 2018. Our simulations implied that extremely high temperatures with no precipitation are significantly important to the secondary generation of PM2.5 with higher secondary organic aerosol fraction via photochemical reactions in southeastern Korean cities. Other possible relationships between anthropogenic VOC emissions and temperature during the heat wave episode are also discussed in this study

A biparametric family of four-step sixteenth-order root-finding methods with the optimal efficiency index

AbstractA biparametric family of four-step multipoint iterative methods of order sixteen to solve nonlinear equations are developed and their convergence properties are established. The optimal efficiency indices are all found to be 161/5≈1.741101. Numerical examples as well as comparison with existing methods are demonstrated to verify the developed theory

The Convergence of Manufacturing and Service Technologies: A Patent Analysis Approach

Active technological convergence of manufacturing industries and service industries has been emerged as a core and essential phenomenon for recent business environment. Technology convergence has already been the basic force behind the both product innovation and service innovation, changing the ways in which firms interact with their customers. Despite the gravity, there has been limited approach to investigate the technological convergence of manufacturing technologies and service technologies from the empirical perspective. In response, this paper aims to investigate technological convergence between manufacturing technology and service technology using patent analysis. For this purpose, we define the service technology and manufacturing technology. Following on this, we analyze the USPC classification of those technologies to analyze the technological convergence. To investigate the dynamic change of convergence, 10-year-dyanamics are observed. As case studies, three industries which show high level of technological convergence of manufacturing and service - banking, healthcare, and education industries are selected and analyzed in detail

Determinants Of Audit Report Lag: Evidence From Korea - An Examination Of Auditor-Related Factors

This study examines whether audit report lag (ARL) is determined by certain auditor-related factors. Understanding the determinants of ARL is important as ARL is the single most important factor in determining the timing of earnings releases and, therefore, improving the timeliness of companies&rsquo; announcements of earnings. Unlike prior studies, we are particularly interested in examining various auditor-related factors including audit and non-audit fees received from clients, auditor tenure, type of auditor and audit opinion. Using a recent Korean sample, we find that ARL is negatively associated with non-audit fees paid to incumbent auditors, consistent with &ldquo;knowledge spillover&rdquo; from the provision of non-audit services. We also find that ARL is negatively associated with the use of Big 4 auditors and unqualified audit opinions. We are, however, not able to find significant associations between ARL and auditor tenure, or abnormal audit fees paid to incumbent auditors. Additional analyses provide evidence that abnormal audit hours and the provision of tax services, and services relating to the design of internal control systems, significantly reduce ARL

A class of two-point sixth-order multiple-zero finders of modified double-Newton type and their dynamics

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2015.08.039Under the assumption of the known multiplicity of zeros of nonlinear equations, a class of two-point sextic-order multiple-zero finders and their dynamics are investigated in this paper by means of extensive analysis of modified double-Newton type of methods. Wit the introduction of a bivariate weight function dependent on function-to-function and derivative-to-derivative ratios, higher-order convergence is obtained. Additional investigation is carried out for extraneous fixed points of the iterative maps associated with the proposed methods along with a comparison with typically selected cases. Through a variety of test equations, numerical experiments strongly support the theory developed in this paper. In addition, relevant dynamics of the proposed methods is successfully explored for various polynomials with a number of illustrative basins of attraction.National Research Foundation of KoreaMinistry of Education, Science and Technology under the research grant (Project Number: 2015-R1D1A3A-0102080

On developing a higher-order family of double-Newton methods with a bivariate weighting function

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2014.12.130A high-order family of two-point methods costing two derivatives and two functions are developed by introducing a two-variable weighting function in the second step of the classical double-Newton method. Their theoretical and computational properties are fully investigated along with a main theorem describing the order of convergence and the asymptotic error constant as well as proper choices of special cases. A variety of concrete numerical examples and relevant results are extensively treated to verify the underlying theoretical development. In addition, this paper investigates the dynamics of rational iterative maps associated with the proposed method and an existing method based on illustrated description of basins of attraction for various polynomials

A sixth-order family of three-point modified Newton-like multiple-root finders and the dynamics behind their extraneous fixed points

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2016.02.029A class of three-point sixth-order multiple-root finders and the dynamics behind their extraneous fixed points are investigated by extending modified Newton-like methods with the introduction of the multivariate weight functions in the intermediate steps. The multivariate weight functions dependent on function-to-function ratios play a key role in constructing higher-order iterative methods. Extensive investigation of extraneous fixed points of the proposed iterative methods is carried out for the study of the dynamics associated with corresponding basins of attraction. Numerical experiments applied to a number of test equations strongly support the underlying theory pursued in this paper. Relevant dynamics of the proposed methods is well presented with a variety of illustrative basins of attraction applied to various test polynomials.Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education under the research grant (Project Number: 2015-R1D1A3A-01020808)Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education under the research grant (Project Number: 2015-R1D1A3A-01020808