Trend, determinants, and future prospect of child marriage in the Amhara region, Ethiopia: a multivariate decomposition analysis

BackgroundChild marriage is a harmful traditional practice, which compromises children of their childhood and threatens their lives and health. In Ethiopia, 58% of women and 9% of men get married before the age of 18 years. Surprisingly, parents in the Amhara region make marriage promises of their children before they are even born, which will hinder the region from attaining the Sustainable Development Goal of ending child marriage. Thus, this study aimed to assess the trends, determinants, and future prospects of child marriage in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.MethodsA repeated cross-sectional study was conducted using four consecutive nationally representative Ethiopian demographic and health surveys (2000–2016). A logit-based multivariate decomposition analysis for a non-linear response model was fitted to identify factors that contributed to the change in child marriage over time. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. The child marriage practice in the Amhara region by the year 2030 was also predicted using different forecasting features of Excel.ResultsThe trend of child marriage over the study period (2000–2016) decreased from 79.9% (76.7, 82.8) to 42.9% (39.1, 46.9), with an annual average reduction rate of 2.9%. Approximately 35.2% of the decline resulted from an increase in the proportion of women who attained secondary and above-secondary education over the two surveys. A decrease in the proportion of rural women and a change in the behavior of educated and media-exposed women also contributed significantly to the decline in child marriage. The prevalence of child marriage in the Amhara region by the year 2030 was also predicted to be 10.1% or 8.8%.ConclusionThough there has been a significant decline in child marriage in the Amhara region over the past 16 years, the proportion is still high, and the region is not going to eliminate it by 2030. Education, residence, and media exposure were all factors associated with the observed change in child marriage in this study. Therefore, additional efforts will be required if child marriage is to be eliminated by 2030, and investing more in education and media access will hasten the region's progress in this direction

Dyslipidemia and serum cystatin C levels as biomarker of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundDiabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The diagnostic markers of nephropathy, including the presence of albuminuria and/or a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate, are not clinically ideal, and most of them are raised after a significant reduction in renal function. Therefore, it is crucial to seek more sensitive and non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.Objective of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the serum cystatin C levels and dyslipidemia for the detection of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodologyA hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to August 2022 in Tikur, Anbessa specialized teaching hospital with a sample size of 140 patients with type2 diabetes mellitus. Socio-demographic data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and 5 mL of blood was collected from each participant following overnight fasting for biochemical analyses.ResultsIn type 2 diabetes patients with nephropathy, we found significant lipoprotein abnormalities and an increase in serum cystatin C (P < 0.001) compared to those without nephropathy. Serum cystatin C, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and duration of diabetes were identified as being significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy (P < 0.05) in multivariable logistic regression analysis. The mean values of total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) in females as compared to male type-2 diabetic patients. The fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles of the participants were found to be significantly associated with serum cystatin C levels.ConclusionThe present study found significant serum cystatin C and lipoprotein abnormalities in T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy when compared with those without diabetic nephropathy, and these lipoprotein abnormalities were significantly associated with serum cystatin C levels

Knowledge and attitude toward the second round of COVID-19 vaccines among teachers working at southern public universities in Ethiopia

About 1.9 million people in Ethiopia have received a first dose of COVID-19 vaccine, which are given to frontline health care workers and university instructors through a campaign. After healthcare workers, teachers at all levels in Ethiopia are assumed to be at a higher risk of exposure to COVID-19. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used. Simple random sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for all variables, and a p-value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Overall, 60.8% and 79.7% of participants had good knowledge of and positive attitudes toward a second round of COVID-19 vaccines, respectively. Age (AOR = 1.51 [95% CI = 1.003–3.63]), profession (AOR = 1.402 [95% CI = 1.107–3.003]), work experience (AOR = 1.509 [95% CI = 1.151–2.283]), and chronic diseases (AOR = 2.142 [95% CI = 1.337–3.092]) were predictor variables for knowledge about the second round of COVID-19 vaccines. Sex (AOR = 1.386 [95% CI = 1.018–2.763]), marital status (AOR = 4.180 [95% CI = 2.397–6.989]), profession (AOR = 1.102 [95% CI = 1.008–3.123]), work experience (AOR = 1.211 [95% CI = 1.029–2.877]), and chronic diseases (AOR = 6.110 [95% CI = 4.892–10.661]) were predictor variables for attitudes toward a second round of COVID-19 vaccines. Generally, knowledge and attitudes toward the second round of COVID-19 vaccines among instructors were low. Thus, health education and communication are very crucial

Incomplete immunization and its determinants among children in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Immunization is one of the most cost-effective measures to prevent morbidity and mortality in children. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of incomplete immunization among children in Africa as well as its determinants. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and online institutional repository homes were searched. Studies published within English language, with full text available for searching, and studies conducted in Africa were included in this meta-analysis. A pooled prevalence, Sub-group analysis, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were conducted. Out of 1305 studies assessed, 26 met our criteria and were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of incomplete immunization was 35.5% (95% CI: 24.4, 42.7), I2 = 92.1%). Home birth (AOR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.5–4.9), rural residence (AOR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.1–20.1), lack of antenatal care visit (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4–5.1), lack of knowledge of immunizations (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.6), and maternal illiteracy (AOR = 1.7: 95%CI: 1.3–2.0) were associated with incomplete immunization. In Africa, the prevalence of incomplete immunization is high. It is important to promote urban residency, knowledge of immunization and antenatal follow up care

Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Hypertension is a major public health problem, resulting in 10 million deaths annually. Undiagnosed hypertension affects more people than ever before. It is more likely to be linked to severe hypertension, which can lead to stroke, cardiovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods Databases, such as Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, AJOL, and the Cochrane Library, were systematically searched to find potential studies published until December 2022. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to enter the extracted data. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors was estimated using a random effect model. I2 statistics and the Cochrane Q-test were used to assess statistical heterogeneity across the studies. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were performed to identify possible publication bias. Results A total of ten articles with 5,782 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. In the random effects model, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 18.26% (95% CI = 14.94–21.58). Being older (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.56, 5.66), having a body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.1, 3.53), having a family history of hypertension (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.47, 3.36), and having DM comorbidity (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.38, 4.32) were significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusion In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was found to be high in Ethiopia. Being older, having a BMI > 25 kg/m2, having a family history of hypertension, and having DM comorbidity were found to be risk factors for undiagnosed hypertension

sj-docx-2-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 – Supplemental material for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis by Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Amanuel Yosef Gebrekidan, Getachew Asmare Adella, Gedion Asnake Azeze and Yordanos Sisay Asegidom in SAGE Open Medicine</p

Prevalence and factors associated with early resumption of sexual intercourse among postpartum women: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

IntroductionPostpartum sexual health is indicated by a resumption of sexual activity as well as arousal, desire, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction. The issue of resuming sexual intercourse after childbirth has received limited attention because healthcare professionals rarely provide adequate care to postnatal women. The present study aimed to ascertain the overall prevalence of early resumption of sexual intercourse among most women.MethodsSearches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, and the Cochrane Library. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel, and STATA version 14 was used for analysis. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot, Egger, and Begg regression tests. A p-value of 0.05 was regarded to indicate potential publication bias. Using I2 statistics, the heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated. By country, a subgroup analysis was conducted. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the effect of each study's findings on the overall estimate. The random effects model was used to assess the overall effect of the study and then measured using prevalence rates and odds ratio with 95% CI.ResultsTwenty-one studies with 4,482 postpartum women participants were included in the study. The pooled prevalence of early resumption sexual intercourse among post-partum women was 57.26% (95% CI 50.14, 64.39) with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2  =  99.2%; P-value ≤ 0.000) observed. Current contraceptive use (AOR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.03, 6.21), primipara (AOR = 2.88, 95%CI = 1.41, 5.89), and no history of severe genital injury on the last delivery (AOR = 2.27, 95%CI = 1.05, 4.93) were significantly associated with early resumption of sexual intercourse.ConclusionThis study found that more than half of women resumed sexual intercourse early after giving birth. This suggests that a significant number of women may be at higher risk of unwanted pregnancies, short birth intervals, and postpartum sepsis. Thus, stakeholders should improve the integration of postpartum sexual education with maternal health services to reduce the resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse

sj-doc-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 – Supplemental material for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis by Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Amanuel Yosef Gebrekidan, Getachew Asmare Adella, Gedion Asnake Azeze and Yordanos Sisay Asegidom in SAGE Open Medicine</p

Turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To determine the pooled prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.Design A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline.Data sources Electronic databases of Science Direct, Medline, African Journals Online, Excerpta Medica Database, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies published in the English language before 31 December, 2021.Eligibility criteria Studies were included with following criteria: (1) studies conducted or published until 31 December 2021; (2) observational studies; (3) Studies conducted on healthcare workers; (4) reporting turnover intention; (v) studies conducted in Ethiopia and (vi) tudies published in the English language were included.Data extraction and synthesis Three independent reviewers screened all the papers for eligibility criteria. Data were extracted by two independent investigators using a standardised data extraction format. Random effects model meta-analysis using STATA V.14.0 statistical software was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of turnover intention with 95% CI. Funnel plot and Forest plot were used to check publication bias and heterogeneity between studies, respectively. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was done.Primary outcome Prevalence of turnover intention.Result A total of 29 cross-sectional studies with 9422 participants met the inclusion criteria. The estimated pooled prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was 58.09% (95% CI 54.24 to 61.93; p value &lt;0.001, I2=93.5%).Conclusion The finding of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed high prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. The Government and policy makers should come up with different mechanisms including a wide variety of healthcare workers retention strategies in order to reduce turnover intention of healthcare workers and retain them