Vryheid en gebondenheid in die natuur- wetenskaplike navo rsing

In ons tyd waarin vryheid dikwels die betekenis van onge- bondenheid aan enige norm beteken en waarin die beoefening van die natuurwetenskappe so ’n hoë vlug geneem het, is dit noodsaaklik om oor die probleme van vryheid en gebonden­ heid nader te besin, in die algemeen op die terrein van die wetenskappe, maar dan in die besonder op die terrein van die natuurwetenskaplike navorsing

Apteker, ’n wetenskaplike beroep

Inougurele rede gehou by die aanvaarding van die professoraat in Farmasie aan die P.U. vir C.H.O., op 14 Oktober 1960, deur prof. dr. K. W. Gerritsma

De studie voor apotheker in Nederland.*

In Nederland is bij de wet op de artsenijbereidkunst de aflevering van geneesmiddelen in handen gelegd van academisch gevormde apothekers en is slechts bij wijze van noodmaatregel ook in bepaalde gevallen aan artsen toegestaan

Quasiparticle-injection effect in YBa2Cu3Ox-based planar structures

The supercurrent IS of a YBCO bridge can be modulated by the quasiparticle-injection current IG from YBCO/Au or YBCO/PBCO/Au junctions. The behavior of these structures is determined by two effects: 1) summation of the currents IS and IG in the YBCO bridge; 2) nonequilibrium suppression of the supercurrent IS by the quasiparticle-injection. The current gain coefficient ¿IS/¿IG increases linearly with decreasing temperature, reaching a value of 1.5 for YBCO/Au structures at 65 K. The nature of the nonequilibrium state and the effectiveness of the PBCO barrier layer for the formation of the quasiparticles are analyze

Multilayers for high-Tc superconducting electric field effect devices

Epitaxial multilayers, consisting of a PrBa2Cu3O7-x buffer layer, ultrathin YBa2Cu3O7-x and SrTiO3, have been grown for application in electric field effect devices. Different analytical techniques indicate a sharp interface between the layers and good dielectric properties of the SrTiO3-layer. First measurements show clear modification of the superconductor's current-voltage characteristics upon applying electric fields of 0.1-1 MV/cm

Quasiparticle injection effects in YBa2Cu3Ox-based planar structures at high operating temperatures

The modulation of the supercurrent Is of a YBCO bridge by the quasiparticle-injection current IG from the YBCO/Au or YBCO/PBCO/Au junctions at temperatures of 60¿85 K is determined by two effects: (1) summation of the currents IS and IG in the YBCO bridge, and (2) nonequilibrium suppression of IS by the quasiparticle injection. At a thickness of the PBCO barrier of 40 nm the modulation of IS can be described by the current-summation effect only. For YBCO/Au structures the current gain ¿IS/¿IG increases linearly with decreasing temperature, reaching the value of 2 at 60 K. Numerical simulations of the current- voltage characteristics show an increase of the effective temperature T* of the YBCO bridge under injection only at small thicknesses of the PBCO barrier. Visualization of the voltage drop over the junction area by laser scanning microscopy shows a qualitative agreement with the electrical measurements with respect to the current summation and nonequilibrium effects

Photoresponse of epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x ultrathin films

The voltage photoresponse of YBa2CH307_ x/SrTiO3 10 nm-tlfick films\ud on laser irradiation is studied using the low temperature scanning laser\ud microscopy (LTSLM) teclmique. The irradiation wavelength is 633 run.\ud The spatial response dependencies via temperature (4-100 K), beam\ud intensity modulation frequency (0-150 kHz) and bias current are\ud examined. The bolometric and non-bolometric components are\ud separated. The amplitude of the non-bolometric component at 4.2 K is\ud about 10 times higher than that of bolometric one measured near the\ud midpoint of the superconducting transition. The non-bolometric\ud component is presumably associated with weak links in the film due to\ud interdiffusion of SrTiO3 into YBCO layer. The spatial irregularity in\ud superconducting parameters is not resolved by the LTSLM method\ud since the spacing between weak links is appeared to be less than 1 um

Electric-field effect devices made of YBa2Cu3O7-x/SrTiO3 epitaxial multilayers

Three terminal superconducting electric-field effect devices, consisting of a bufferlayer of PrBa2Cu3O7-x, an ultrathin layer of YBa2Cu3O7-x and a SrTiO3 gate isolation layer were fabricated and successfully operated. Transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning microscopy showed that all layers are highly epitaxial and uniform over the device area. This is essentially important in the analysis of the mechanism of the electric field effect and for the reproducible fabrication of devices. With a 5 nm thick YBa2Cu3O7-x layer and an applied electric field of 0.85 MV/cm the critical current was decreased by 5% at low temperatures and up to 36% close to Tc. Also enhancement was obtained