Особенности школьной организационной культуры

Рассматривается основное содержание понятия «школьная организационная культура», функции и потенциал использования организационной культуры в общеобразовательных учреждениях. Выявляются особенности школьной организационной культуры. Обосновывается взаимосвязь организационной культуры и социально-психологического климата общеобразовательного учреждени

Topography and Coating of Platinum Improve the Electrochemical Properties and Neuronal Guidance

To improve neuronal-electrode interfaces, we analyzed the influence of surface topographies combined with coating on the electrochemistry of platinum and neuronal differentiation of PC-12 cells. Surface structuring on nanoscale was realized by femtosecond laser ablation. Additional coating with laminin (LA), collagen type I (COL) or poly-d-lysine (PDL) did not change the produced topography. We further demonstrated that impedance could be improved in all cases. The pre-requisites of differentiation  viability and attachment  were fulfilled on the topography. Cell attachment of non-differentiated and differentiated cells and their formation of focal adhesion complexes were even enhanced compared to unstructured platinum. However, without the nerve growth factor (NGF) no cellular outgrowth and differentiation were possible. The topography enabled cell elongation and reduced the amount of rounded cells, but less effective than coating. Differentiation was either comparable or increased on the structures when compared with unstructured coatings. For instance, microtubule associated protein (MAP2) was detected most on the topography alone. But a combination of surface structuring and coating had the strongest impact on differentiation: the usage of COL provoked best cell elongation and beta III tubulin expression, PDL best synaptophysin. LA-coating had no noteworthy effect. These findings point out that innovative electronic devices like cochlear implants include two aspects: (a) nanotopography to improve the transmission of electrical signals and neuronal attachment; and (b) an additional coating to stimulate neuronal differentiation

Fibrosis scores for study III.

<p>No differences in fibrous tissue growth between the experimental groups were observed.</p

Electrical hearing thresholds.

<p>EABR thresholds in AP+ES treated animals (A) increased in 3 and decreased in 3 individuals. DEX+ES therapy caused decreased thresholds in 4 out of 5 animals. In both groups the range of thresholds was increased after stimulation. Individual thresholds are marked with black lines whereas the mean ± SD hearing thresholds are grey dotted lines.</p

Curvature of the tube.

<p>The angles [°] between the different segments of the tube and the lengths [mm] of these segments are given according to evaluation of DVT data sets.</p><p>HS – heathland sheep; BS – blackface sheep; R – right side; L – left side.</p><p>Curvature of the tube.</p

Overview experimental groups.

<p>Overview experimental groups.</p

Drawing of a normal hearing guinea pig cochlea in a midmodiolar plain.

<p>The cochlea consists of three separate membranous compartments (Scala tympani, Sc.t.; Scala media, Sc. m.; Scala vestibuli (Sc.v.) curled around the bony axis, the modiolus, which contains the Rosenthal’s canal (RC) including the primary auditory neurons, the spiral ganglion neurons (SGN). Each midmodiolar cross section of the cochlea contains 6 to seven cross sections of the Rosenthal’s canal (lb to a), and the SGN were counted in each of these cross sections. SGN diameters were measured in three ipsilateral Rosenthal’s canal cross sections (lb, 1.m and 3.m turns).</p

Median number of SGN.

<p>The median number of SGN per 10.000 μm² in guinea pigs implanted with a hydrogel reservoir (A, B; study I), electrode array (C, D; study II) or electrode-micro-pump-system (E, F; study III) for the entire cochlear length (left graphs) and basal turn (right graphs) are plotted in box and whiskers (min. to max.). DEX did not affect the number of surviving SGN. Applied simultaneously with ES DEX increased the SGN protective effect of ES. * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001, ns = not significant.</p

Insertion of a coronary stent into the Eustachian tube of heathland sheep.

<p><b>A</b>: View through the bronchofiberscope at both ostia pharyngea (⇒). <b>B</b>: Insertion of a stent through the working channel of the fiberscope. <b>C</b>: Microscopic view of the middle ear. The stent can be moved forward through the isthmus into the middle ear. <b>D</b>: After dilatation of the stent and retraction of the catheter the stent remains in position (view from the middle ear).</p

Correlation assessment of SGN number and amount of fibrosis.

<p>The SGN density (number of neurons in 10.000 μm²) was correlated to the relevant fibrosis score (left and right column) and the percentage of the scala tympani area filled with fibrosis (middle column). No correlations were detected.</p