A Writer for a Shrinking World: Cultural Identity Formation and Globalization in the Novels of Kopano Matlwa

This paper analyzes the novels of author Kopano Matlwa in relation to issues in cultural identity formation during the current period of rapid globalization within the author\u27s home nation of South Africa

Nutrient Intake of Elite Canadian and American Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury

The nutrient needs of spinal cord injury (SCI) athletes are dependent on their physiological alterations, training load, and intensity of practice. Limited research is available regarding the current nutrient intake of SCI elite athletes, possible nutrient deficiencies, and geographical consumption patterns. The purpose of this study was to examine the diets of Canadian (CAN), n=12, and American (USA), n=27, elite athletes with SCI from the United States Paralympic Canadian Sport Institute utilizing a self-reported 24-hour diet recall. Nutrient inadequacy was estimated by the proportion of athletes with mean intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) using the Research Solutions Food Processor Diet Analysis Software (ESHA). Mean energy intakes were 1,603 +/- 855 kcal for women and 1906 +/- 756 kcal for men. Reported micronutrient intakes were below EAR in \u3e60 percent of USA athletes for vitamin D, folate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and zinc, while 60 percent of CAN athletes reported intakes below the EAR in Niacin, B6, B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. In conclusion, nutrient intakes below the EAR were consistently found for both groups of elite athletes with SCI and suggested similar nutrient insufficiencies. Further research is needed to examine nutrient intake using other methods of dietary assessment and to determine the factors that may lead to nutrient insufficiency among elite athletes with SCI

The Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Dietary Iron Intake in Adolescent Female Endurance Athletes

A chief concern for female endurance athletes is adequate iron status which is partially determined by iron and vitamin C intake. This study examines the impact of diet on iron intake in adolescent female cross country runners. Animal-based iron sources are recognized as being better absorbed and more bioavailable than non-animal-based sources. Additionally, vitamin C promotes iron absorption. In this study, the independent variable was defined as a vegetarian diet (one excluding meat, fish, and poultry), with the control being a non-vegetarian diet. The hypothesis was that vegetarian cross country runners would have lower mean iron intakes than non-vegetarians. Data were collected via a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a 3-Day Diet Log (3DL) provided to the subjects. Scores based on servings per week were assigned to the FFQ to create an estimate of each subject\u27s daily iron and vitamin C intake. 3DLs were analyzed using ESHA Research Solutions Food Processor Diet Analysis software to form a representative picture of various nutrients over time, with the primary focus on iron and vitamin C. Permutation tests were used to analyze the dietary data. No significant differences in average iron intake or other key nutrients were found to exist between groups for 3DL data. A commonly attended running camp during the administration of this study may have been a factor. Analysis of the FFQ dietary data, indicating longer term intakes, revealed vegetarians had statistically significant higher intakes of vitamin C, p=0.0389, and iron, p=0.0135, than did non-vegetarians

Whole Body Fuel Use: A Preliminary Study of Carbohydrate and Fat Oxidation During Water Exercise

The purpose of this investigation was to measure energy expenditure and whole body carbohydrate and fat oxidation during shallow water exercise (SWE; submerged to axillary level). The level of energy expenditure and the relative contribution of fuels (e.g., carbohydrate [CHO], fat) depends on the intensity of exercise effort. This descriptive study addressed two questions: (1) what is the energy expenditure of performing SWE over a range of intensities; and (2) how does the rate of CHO and fat usage change with increasingly more demanding SWE efforts. Five healthy females (ages 18 to 26 years) performed five submaximal and one maximal SWE bout based on perceived effort (Borg Scale). Indirect calorimetry (Parvo-Medic metabolic analyzer) was employed to assess metabolic response while heart rate (HR) was monitored via telemetry (Polar technology). For perception of efforts ranging from very light (~50 percent HR peak) to very hard (~88 percent HR peak), the rate of energy expenditure ranged from 3.5+0.7 to 10.5+1.3 kilocalories per minute (Kcal.min-1), while the maximal SWE effort elicited a metabolic response of 13.2+1.7 Kcal.min-1 (~ 10 X resting metabolic rate). From very light to very hard, the rate of CHO oxidation increased from 2.0+1.0 to 9.4+1.8 Kcal.min-1 (~370 percent increase), while fat oxidation remained variable among the SWE efforts. In conclusion, carbohydrate oxidation plays an increasingly more important role as a fuel source during SWE efforts that require a high rate of energy expenditure. Furthermore, this study provides insight into the energy requirements of SWE, a mode of exercise that is becoming more popular

Cardiorespiratory Responses to High Intensity Interval Shallow Water Exercise

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiorespiratory responses to shallow water, high intensity interval exercise (SW-HIIE). Interestingly, no studies have investigated the physiological responses of performing HIIE in a water medium. Thus, the main question of this investigation was the following: What is the physiological load imposed on the human body during an acute SW-HIIE session? Physically active females, n=9 and 26+6 yrs, volunteered for this descriptive study. Volunteers performed a familiarization trial, an incremental maximal shallow water exercise test, and a SW-HIIE session. Participants were submerged to ~75 percent of stature (axillary level). SW-HIIE consisted of 4 X 4 minute segments with one minute recovery in between each segment. Each segment consisted of 8 X 20 seconds of maximal physical effort with 10 seconds of rest between each effort. Indirect calorimetry (Parvo-Medic metabolic analyzer) was employed to assess metabolic response and heart rate was monitored via telemetry (Polar technology). SW-HIIE elicited an overall oxygen uptake response of 2.0+0.2 lO2.min-1 (73+5% of peak aerobic capacity), nearly eight times above resting metabolic rate, while overall heart rate (HR) response was 156+8 bpm (86+2% HR peak). In conclusion, the SW-HIIE session elicited cardiorespiratory responses that would be classified as vigorous on the intensity scale according to the American College of Sports Medicine’s guidelines for exercise prescription, suggesting that an acute bout of SW-HIIE imposes a great physiological load on the human body

The Vehicle, Fall 2010

Table of ContentsPoetryFill Your Mouth with BerriesAaron Whitepage 1 RelationsJamie Van Allenpage 2 ExodusMegan Marie Olsonpage 4 Single FileRashelle McNairpage 7 The Aesthetic Value of the Moon, by CandlelightKathy Deckerpage 15 FactalsGabrielle Keigherpage 16 Day 5David Jacksonpage 17 Esta LloviendoHeather Gerrishpage 19 FacebrokeDarrin Gordonpage 23 5:08 pmNikki Riechertpage 24 Train TunnelsAshton Tembypage 34 VariationsKathy Deckerpage 35 WantRashelle McNairpage 36 FriendshipScott Maypage 37 Golden LandJacob Swansonpage 38 Last Night I DreamtAshton Tembypage 39 Smallest GestureScott Maypage 44 Somebody\u27s Hut in MexicoGinamarie Lobiancopage 45 Some Things You Just Can\u27t Tap Dance AroundClint Walkerpage 53 Prose Lamparus de DiosAaron Whitepage 8 Learning CurveScott Maypage 18 RocktonKatelyn Pfaffpage 20 Fatal DistractionSolomohn Ennispage 25 Noodle NonsenseGabrielle Keigherpage 41 AntarcticaMichael Payeapage 46 Special Features James K Johnson Award Winners: God is GraciousJohn Klyczekpage 57 To My Ever Growing ChestJennifer Hindespage 74 God\u27s ScapegoatJennifer Hindespage 76 Rape (Verb, Noun)Jennifer Hindespage 78 Featured Artist: Ashton Tembypage 81 Editor\u27s Pick: The Shooter by Patrick Hallpage 87 Chapbook 2010 Author:Kim Hunter-Perkinspage 114 About the Contributorspage 118 About the Editorspage 122https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1092/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Fall 2010

Table of ContentsPoetryFill Your Mouth with BerriesAaron Whitepage 1 RelationsJamie Van Allenpage 2 ExodusMegan Marie Olsonpage 4 Single FileRashelle McNairpage 7 The Aesthetic Value of the Moon, by CandlelightKathy Deckerpage 15 FactalsGabrielle Keigherpage 16 Day 5David Jacksonpage 17 Esta LloviendoHeather Gerrishpage 19 FacebrokeDarrin Gordonpage 23 5:08 pmNikki Riechertpage 24 Train TunnelsAshton Tembypage 34 VariationsKathy Deckerpage 35 WantRashelle McNairpage 36 FriendshipScott Maypage 37 Golden LandJacob Swansonpage 38 Last Night I DreamtAshton Tembypage 39 Smallest GestureScott Maypage 44 Somebody\u27s Hut in MexicoGinamarie Lobiancopage 45 Some Things You Just Can\u27t Tap Dance AroundClint Walkerpage 53 Prose Lamparus de DiosAaron Whitepage 8 Learning CurveScott Maypage 18 RocktonKatelyn Pfaffpage 20 Fatal DistractionSolomohn Ennispage 25 Noodle NonsenseGabrielle Keigherpage 41 AntarcticaMichael Payeapage 46 Special Features James K Johnson Award Winners: God is GraciousJohn Klyczekpage 57 To My Ever Growing ChestJennifer Hindespage 74 God\u27s ScapegoatJennifer Hindespage 76 Rape (Verb, Noun)Jennifer Hindespage 78 Featured Artist: Ashton Tembypage 81 Editor\u27s Pick: The Shooter by Patrick Hallpage 87 Chapbook 2010 Author:Kim Hunter-Perkinspage 114 About the Contributorspage 118 About the Editorspage 122https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1092/thumbnail.jp

Humanitarian Aid for the Occupied Palestinian Territories: A Policy

The international community is well acquainted with the ongoing problems among Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. As the years march onward, conditions in Palestine continue to degrade. Palestinians face many problems with respect to humanitarian and developmental aid. Conditions are harsh, both because of the extreme weather and continued conflict with the Israeli military and diplomatic policies. Lack of communication and travel abilities between Gaza and the West Bank, and even between neighboring villages in each region, continue to lead to wider disparity between the two geographic regions creating dramatically different levels of need depending upon location. The policy proposed by this project includes a scale developed to provide flexibility in assessing the needs of communities on a case by case basis. This project focuses on the current issues faced in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in regards to education, food, and water security, as well as a proposed plan of action that involves the assistance of the United Nations and partner non-governmental organizations that are already active in the region. The scale developed herein is targeted specifically at these issues in this region; however, it can easily be broadened to address needs in other categories of aid as well as in other states in need of aid as the global political and geological climate alters over time. The overarching goal of the scale is to provide a ground for assessment that can lead each region through the stages of humanitarian aid, to developmental aid, and onward to stability

Nutrient analysis of school lunches and anthropometric measures in a private and public school in Chennai, India

School lunch programs have been implemented as a method to facilitate better learning environments for children. These programs bring together the importance of adequate nutrition for academic performance, growth and development. This study served to assess the impact of the School Lunch Program in India and observe measures related to nutrition adequacy and stunting in school aged children in Chennai, India. Dietary and anthropometric data were collected among students of ages 7 to 10 in a privately funded (n = 64) and a publicly funded school (n = 28). Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis was assessed for private school students. BMI for Age Z-scores for the private school (0.05 ± 1.36) (mean ± standard deviation) and public school (− 0.91 ± 2.01) were significantly different (p = 0.008). Additionally, 32% of public school students exhibited mild stunting, classified as Z-scores less than − 1. Total calories consumed during the private school lunch was 269 ± 112 and 463 ± 234 for the publically funded school. Analysis of nutritional parameters of meals suggest that adequacy was otherwise fair during this singular analysis but does not provide evidence to correlate body composition and long term implications of malnutrition with this study population. Additional longitudinal analysis is required to better assess these implications

Nutrient Intake of Elite Canadian and American Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury

The nutrient needs of athletes with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are dependent on their physiological alterations and training status. Limited research is available regarding dietary intake of elite athletes with SCI and possible nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine dietary intake of elite athletes with SCI, and determine dietary intake inadequacies based on the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) comparisons. Additionally, the average energy and macronutrient (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) intake was compared based on level of injury (C level, T1-T6, T7-T12, Lumbar). A total of 39 athletes with a SCI completed a self-reported 24 hour diet recall in autumn and 27 athletes returned to complete a second data collection period (winter). Nutrient inadequacy was estimated by the proportion of athletes with mean intakes below the EAR through the Research Solutions Food Processor Diet Analysis Software (ESHA). Although Macronutrients for both men and women were within acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) recommendations, low EAR’s for various nutrients were consistently found for both men and women. No significant differences were found for energy or macronutrient intake between groups based on level of lesion. Further research is needed to examine nutrient intake using other methods of dietary assessment and to determine the factors that may lead to nutrient insufficiency among elite athletes with SCI