Additional file 1: of Exposure to common respiratory bacteria alters the airway epithelial response to subsequent viral infection

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Baseline characteristics.

<p>Abbreviations:</p><p>NIAD: non-insulin anti-diabetic drugs;</p><p>SD: standard deviation;</p><p>BMI: body mass index;</p><p>HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin;</p><p>COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p><p>Baseline characteristics.</p

Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by sex and age.

<p>Abbreviations:</p><p>NIAD: non-insulin anti-diabetic drug;</p><p>IR: incidence rate;</p><p>HR: hazard ratio;</p><p>DPP4: dipeptidyl-peptidase-4;</p><p>GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1</p><p>^a: Numbers do not add up because data on past NIAD use, current GLP1 agonist and recent/past DPP4I is not shown</p><p>^b: Adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, BMI, alcohol use; a history of lung cancer, COPD, dementia and stroke; use of glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants, proton pump inhibitors, immunosuppressants (excluding glucocorticoids) and antipsychotics in the previous 6 months, influenza vaccination in the previous year, pneumococcal vaccination in the previous 5 years, <i>Haemophilus influenza</i> vaccination ever before, past use of NIADs, use of GLP1 analogues, recent and past use of DPP4Is (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0139367#pone.0139367.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>, footnote b) and the most recently recorded HbA1c level in the previous year</p><p>^c: Current use: a DPP4I-prescription ≤2 months before.</p><p>Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by sex and age.</p

Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by cumulative dose and daily dose.

<p>Abbreviations:</p><p>DPP4: dipeptidyl-peptidase-4;</p><p>NIAD: non-insulin anti-diabetic drug;</p><p>IR: incidence rate;</p><p>PY: patient years;</p><p>HR: hazard ratio;</p><p>GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1;</p><p>DDD: defined daily dose;</p><p>cum.: cumulative;.</p><p>^a: Numbers do not add up because data on past NIAD user is not shown</p><p>^b: Adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, BMI, alcohol use; a history of lung cancer, COPD, dementia and stroke; use of glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants, proton pump inhibitors, immunosuppressants (excluding glucocorticoids) and antipsychotics in the previous 6 months, influenza vaccination in the previous year, pneumococcal vaccination in the previous 5 years, <i>Haemophilus influenza</i> vaccination ever before, past use of NIADs and the most recently recorded HbA1c level in the previous year</p><p>^c: Current use: a DPP4I-prescription ≤2 months before, recent use: a DPP4I-prescription 3–8 months before; past use: a DPP4I-prescription >8 months before.</p><p>Use of DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients, by cumulative dose and daily dose.</p

Distribution of quantitative T-SPOT and QFT responses.

<div><p>(A) T-SPOT overall, (B) T-SPOT ESAT-6, and (C) T-SPOT CFP10 responses plotted against the quantitative QFT IFN-γ response. T-SPOT responses >100 SFC are shown as 100 SFC. QFT IFN-γ responses >5.0 IU/ml are shown as 5.0 IU/ml. The dashed horizontal and vertical lines represent the diagnostic cut-offs of 0.35 IU/ml (QFT) and 6 SFC (T-SPOT). The red diagonal line represents the regression line.</p> <p>IFN-γ: interferon-γ; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; QFT: QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube; SFC: spot forming cells; T-SPOT: T-SPOT®.TB.</p></div

Study flow diagram.

<div><p>^<i>a</i>Reasons for study exclusion: no current chest imaging available (<i>n</i> = 2).</p> <p>^<i>b</i>Eight subjects had refused to participate in the follow-up interview. In 20 subjects the provided contact information had become invalid since study inclusion.</p> <p>^<i>c</i>Causes of death were malignancy (<i>n</i> = 5), cardiovascular diseases (<i>n</i> = 4), silicosis (<i>n</i> = 2), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<i>n</i> = 1), and pneumonia (<i>n</i> = 1).</p></div

DataSheet_1_Survival benefit with checkpoint inhibitors versus chemotherapy is modified by brain metastases in patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer.docx

IntroductionSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly growing malignancy with early distant metastases. Up to 70% will develop brain metastases, and the poor prognosis of these patients has not changed considerably. The potential of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in treating recurrent (r/r) SCLC and their effect on brain metastases remain unclear.MethodsIn this retrospective multicenter study, we analyzed r/r SCLC patients receiving second or further-line CPI versus chemotherapy between 2010 and 2020. We applied multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis to test for differences in 1-year mortality and real-world progression. We then used interaction analysis to evaluate whether brain metastases (BM) and/or cranial radiotherapy (CRT) modified the effect of CPI versus chemotherapy on overall survival.ResultsAmong 285 patients, 99 (35%) received CPI and 186 (65%) patients received chemotherapy. Most patients (93%) in the CPI group received nivolumab/ipilimumab. Chemotherapy patients were entirely CPI-naïve and only one CPI patient had received atezolizumab for first-line treatment. CPI was associated with a lower risk of 1-year mortality (adjusted Hazard Ratio [HRadj] 0.59, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.82, p=0.002). This benefit was modified by BM and CRT, indicating a pronounced effect in patients without BM (with CRT: HRadj 0.34, p=0.003; no CRT: HRadj 0.50, p=0.05), while there was no effect in patients with BM who received CRT (HRadj 0.85, p=0.59).ConclusionCPI was associated with a lower risk of 1-year mortality compared to chemotherapy. However, the effect on OS was significantly modified by intracranial disease and radiotherapy, suggesting the benefit was driven by patients without BM.</p

Additional file 1 of Alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency is associated with lower cardiovascular risk: an approach based on federated learning

Supplementary Material 1: Figure 1. Flow chart demonstrating the number of AATD and Non-AATD patients at each research database and the respective recording perio