Caractérisation d’un gène de résistance contre la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana) chez l’épinette blanche (Picea glauca (Voss) Moench)

Lors d’une épidémie localisée de tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana), certaines épinettes blanches (Picea glauca (Voss.) Moench) furent épargnés. L’expression d’un gène, Pgβglu-1, codant pour une enzyme de type bêta-glucosidase est liée à la production d’acétophénones s’accumulant dans les aiguilles des arbres peu défoliés. La variation de l’expression de Pgβglu-1 semble relèver d’une régulation inhérente et unique aux arbres résistants. Nos résultats permettent d’établir une corrélation entre l’expression du gène, l’accumulation des acétophénones actives et le stade le plus destructif de l’insecte. Ils montrent aussi que le niveau d’expression de Pgβglu-1 est transmis entre les générations d’arbres et peut être induit. Les séquences d’ADN codants du gène ont été obtenues, mais aucune différence n’a été observée permettant de différencier les résistants des non-résistants. Une connaissance plus approfondie du phénomène pourrait aider au développement d’une lutte intégrée visant à mitiger les dégâts causés par la tordeuse en période d’épidémie.A localized spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreak that took place in a white spruce plantation (Picea glauca (Voss.) Moench) left some trees almost untouched while many others had severe defoliation. Expression of agene coding for a beta-glucosidase enzyme was identified (Pgβglu-1) and was linked to the accumulation of two acetophenones in the foliage of resistant trees. We propose that the expression variation of Pgβglu-1 involve regulation that is unique to resistant trees. Our results establish a correlation between gene expression, the accumulation of biologically active acetophenones and the most destructive larval instar of the insect. Our results also show that Pgβglu-1expression is genetically transmitted and can be induced. Coding DNA sequences of the gene were obtained but no differences were observed that could differentiate between resistant and non-resistant trees. A deeper understanding of the phenomenon could help in the development of an integrated management aiming to mitigate damage caused during outbreaks

Insect herbivory (Choristoneura fumiferana, Tortricidea) underlies tree population structure (Picea glauca, Pinaceae)

Variation in insect herbivory can lead to population structure in plant hosts as indicated by defence traits. In annual herbaceous, defence traits may vary between geographic areas but evidence of such patterns is lacking for long-lived species. This may result from the variety of selection pressures from herbivores, long distance gene flow, genome properties, and lack of research. We investigated the antagonistic interaction between white spruce (Picea glauca) and spruce budworm (SBW, Choristoneura fumiferana) the most devastating forest insect of eastern North America in common garden experiments. White spruces that are able to resist SBW attack were reported to accumulate the acetophenones piceol and pungenol constitutively in their foliage. We show that levels of these acetophenones and transcripts of the gene responsible for their release is highly heritable and that their accumulation is synchronized with the most devastating stage of SBW. Piceol and pungenol concentrations negatively correlate with rate of development in female SBW and follow a non-random geographic variation pattern that is partially explained by historical damage from SBW and temperature. Our results show that accumulation of acetophenones is an efficient resistance mechanism against SBW in white spruce and that insects can affect population structure of a long-lived plant