Recomendações Europeias para a prevenção da doença cardiovascular na prática clínica (versão de 2012)

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New sol-gel deposition technique in the Smart-Windows – Computation of possible applications of Smart-Windows in buildings

The integration of a new architectural component into the building envelope can contribute to improving its energy performance, and the comfort conditions visual and thermo-hygrometric. Two deposition methods are used: dip-coating and spin-coating, optically characterized by spectro-photometric techniques. Measurements of a dynamic type have enabled the determination of parameters such as switching times (relative to the coloring and inverse process) and optical memory (important in smart-window applications to reduce the consumption of operating energy). The experimental results of the deposition technique on two electro-chromic devices measuring made at the Department of Engineering of the University of Messina, are shown below. In this study, through a computational investigation, the possibilities of environmental control of "Smart-Windows" with electro-chromic technology are investigated. To characterize these aspects, the thermal behavior of a buildingmodel equipped with electro-chromic Smart-Windows was analyzed using the MC4 Software simulation program. Through the separate applications of the Smart Windows, connected with different types of shading, we have proceeded to simulate the calculation of the energy requirement of a block of the Engineering Faculty of the University of Messina, which has a building typology favorable to the study, being characterized by extensive glass walls facing south. Annual cooling thermal loads calculated for the building under examination. for different control strategies of the Smart Windows, they were then compared with the thermal loads obtained with traditional glass systems (actually installed) for different types of shielding in order to estimate any energy saving

Gastric antisecretory role and immunohistochemical localization of cannabinoid receptors in the rat stomach

1. The role of cannabinoid (CB) receptors in the regulation of gastric acid secretion was investigated in the rat by means of functional experiments and by immunohistochemistry. 2. In anaesthetized rats with lumen-perfused stomach, the non selective CB-receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (0.30 – 4.00 μmol kg(−1), i.v.) and the selective CB(1)-receptor agonist HU-210 (0.03 – 1.50 μmol kg(−1), i.v.), dose-dependently decreased the acid secretion induced by both pentagastrin (30 nmol kg(−1) h(−1)) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (1.25 mmol kg(−1), i.v.). By contrast, neither WIN 55,212-2 (1 – 4 μmol kg(−1), i.v.) nor HU-210 (0.03 – 1.50 μmol kg(−1), i.v.) did modify histamine-induced acid secretion (20 μmol kg(−1) h(−1)). The selective CB(2)-receptor agonist JWH-015 (3 – 10 μmol kg(−1), i.v.) was ineffective. 3. The gastric antisecretory effects of WIN 55,212-2 and HU-210 on pentagastrin-induced acid secretion were prevented by the selective CB(1)-receptor antagonist SR141716A (0.65 μmol kg(−1), i.v.) and unaffected by the selective CB(2)-receptor antagonist SR144528 (0.65 – 2 μmol kg(−1), i.v.). 4. Bilateral cervical vagotomy and ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium (10 mg kg(−1), i.v., followed by continuous infusion of 10 mg kg(−1) h(−1)) significantly reduced, but not abolished, the maximal inhibitory effect of HU-210 (0.3 μmol kg(−1), i.v.) on pentagastrin-induced acid secretion; by contrast, pretreatment with atropine (1 mg kg(−1), i.v.) did not modify the antisecretory effect of HU-210. 5. Immunoreactivity to the CB(1) receptor was co-localized with that of the cholinergic marker choline acetyltransferase in neural elements innervating smooth muscle, mucosa and submucosal blood vessels of rat stomach fundus, corpus and antrum. In contrast, CB(2) receptor-like immunoreactivity was not observed. 6. These results indicate that gastric antisecretory effects of cannabinoids in the rat are mediated by suppression of vagal drive to the stomach through activation of CB(1) receptors, located on pre- and postganglionic cholinergic pathways. However, the ineffectiveness of atropine in reducing the effect of HU-210 suggests that the release of non cholinergic excitatory neurotransmitters may be regulated by CB(1) receptors

[European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)].

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