Comparison of automated and manually computed RV/LV diameter ratios.

<p>A) Correlation plot. A linear model is fitted to the data. The intercept’s value is -0.16, the slope is 1.11, Person’s correlation coefficient is R = 0.81, 95% CI [0.76–0.86]. B) Bland-Altman comparison. The mean difference is -0.023 (95% CI [-0.061 0.003], p = 0.08), is depicted with a red line and its 95% CI as dotted red lines. Dot-dashed blue line: 95% limits of agreement of manual vs. automated measurement. Dashed green line: 95% CI limits of agreement between two expert readers. 72.1% (132/183) cases are within the limits of inter-reader variability.</p

Mean and standard deviation values for the automated and manual axial ventricular diameter estimations and RV/LV diameter ratios.

<p>P-values are obtained using paired t-tests.</p><p>Mean and standard deviation values for the automated and manual axial ventricular diameter estimations and RV/LV diameter ratios.</p

Algorithm description.

<p>First, the right ventricle and the left ventricle are detected on each axial slice. The detections are clustered to position seeds for further segmentation. The seeds are used to detect the septum. Using the seeds and the septum, the ventricles are segmented and the calipers positioned. Finally the right ventricular to left ventricular axial diameter ratio is estimated.</p

Axial images of a computed tomography pulmonary angiography of a 27 years old female with acute pulmonary embolism.

<p>Top row: manually estimated axial ventricular diameters. Bottom row: automatically estimated axial ventricular diameters and depiction of the different steps followed to compute them: ventricle detection (red boxes), seed positioning (green dots), interventricular septum estimation (blue line), ventricle segmentation (blue areas) and ventricular diameter estimation (yellow lines).</p

Protection in a chronic infection model in vaccinated mice.

<p>Animals were immunized as indicated and challenged 15 days later with <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> K98 strain. <b>a)</b> Parasitemia curve (I) and its AUC (II) during the acute phase of infection. <b>b)</b> Serum level of tissue damage-associated enzymes at 100 dpi: creatine kinase, CK (I) and its cardiac isoform, CK-MB(II); glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GOT (III); and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH (IV). <b>c)</b> Electrocardiogram parameters at 100 dpi: Corrected QT interval(cQTi) (I) and PR interval(PRi) (II). <b>d)</b> Parasite load by qPCR in target tissues at 100 dpi. <b>e)</b> Histopathological analysis of skeletal and heart muscle at 100 dpi. Representative muscle sections stained with hematoxilin-eosin at 100x magnification (I) and semi-quantitative analysis of inflammatory infiltrate (II). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 4–5 per group) and are representative of two independent experiments. Survival statistical analysis was performed with log-rank test. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001. One-way ANOVA plus Tukey’s post-test. (n.s.: non-significant differences).</p

Overall cell-mediated immune response and CD4⁺ cells functionality in immunized mice.

<p><b>a)</b> DTH reaction. Fifteen days after the last immunization, mice were subcutaneously injected in the hind footpad with rTc80. Footpad thickness was measured before and 48 h after rTc80 administration. The result was expressed as the difference between the two measurements. <b>b)</b> Antigen-specific proliferation. Splenocytes from immunized mice were stimulated with rTc80 and proliferation was assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake. Results were expressed as proliferation index: [cpm (counts per minute) in the presence of the antigen/cpm in the absence of the antigen]. <b>c)</b> Cytokines secretion by splenocytes from immunized mice upon antigen recall (I) IL-2 and (II) IFN-γ, determined by capture ELISA. <b>d)</b> Representative dot plots of intracellular cytokine production by CD4⁺ T cells. (I); Percentage of IFN-γ (II) or TNF-α (III) producing CD4⁺ cells. <b>e)</b> Analysis of CD4⁺ T cells polyfunctionality. I) Percentage of CD4⁺ T cells producing simultaneously IFN-γ and TNF-α. II) Proportion of CD4⁺ T cells with different degrees of functionality. <b>f)</b> Cytokine producing ability of mono and polyfunctional CD4⁺ cells for IFN-γ (I) and TNF-α (II), expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5–6 per group) and are representative of at least three independent experiments. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001. One-way ANOVA plus Tukey’s post-test (a-e) and Student’s t-test (f).</p

Area under the curve (AUC) comparison for the different methods and clinical outcomes.

<p>P-values are obtained with Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Tests.</p

Prediction of clinical outcome.

<p>ROCs curve for the manual (dashed blue line) and automated (red line) logistic regression models when used to predict: A) 30 days PE-related mortality and B) 30 days PE-related mortality or the need for intensive therapies. Areas under the curve are 0.75 for the manual method and 0.72 for the automated method for Fig 6A and 0.78 for the manual method and 0.75 for the automated method in Fig 6B.</p

Mean and standard deviation values of the RV/LV diameter ratios computed manually and automatically for two clinical outcomes.

<p>P-values are obtained using paired t-tests.</p><p>Mean and standard deviation values of the RV/LV diameter ratios computed manually and automatically for two clinical outcomes.</p

Protection against a lethal <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> challenge.

<p><b>a)</b> Parasitemia curve at different days post-infection (dpi) and b) area under the curves (AUC) of parasitemia. <b>c)</b> Parasitemia at early (9 dpi) and late (23 dpi) stages of acute infection. <b>d)</b> Survival rate curve. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 4–5 per group) and are representative of at least three independent experiments. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; ****p<0.0001. One-way ANOVA plus Dunnett’s post-test(a, b) or Tukey’s post-test (c) and log-rank test for survival curves (d). Color code from panel ‘a’ legend is also used in the other panels (b, c, d).</p