12 research outputs found
Observation of enhanced rate coefficients in the H + H H + H reaction at low collision energies
The energy dependence of the rate coefficient of the H reaction has been measured in the range of
collision energies between K and
mK. A clear deviation of the rate coefficient from the value expected on the
basis of the classical Langevin-capture behavior has been observed at collision
energies below K, which is attributed to the joint
effects of the ion-quadrupole and Coriolis interactions in collisions involving
ortho-H molecules in the rotational level, which make up 75% of the
population of the neutral H molecules in the experiments. The experimental
results are compared to very recent predictions by Dashevskaya, Litvin, Nikitin
and Troe (J. Chem. Phys., in press), with which they are in agreement.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
Reaching and Supporting Trafficked Women in Austria and Germany: A Call for Training on Attachment and Trust-Building
Many victims of trafficking in women are not reached by the available support services despite numerous measures that have been put in place on both the national and international levels. This deficiency is due to the inadequacy of the support systems, which do not meet the needs of the women concerned. A bilateral Austro-German research project entitled “Prävention und Intervention bei Menschenhandel zum Zweck sexueller Ausbeutung (PRIMSA) [“Prevention and intervention in the trafficking of human beings for the purpose of sexual exploitation”] was set up with the aim of developing ideas for a multidisciplinary prevention and intervention scheme. This article presents a case study of one of the women from a Central European country who was interviewed and the selected results on the need for training on trust-building and attachment with victims
Risiken und Nebenwirkungen in der Psychotherapie vermeiden: Was TherapeutInnen von PatientInnen lernen können
Auf der Basis einer Reihe von Wirksamkeitsanalysen wird davon ausgegangen, dass Psychotherapie für die behandelten PatientInnen in der Regel positive Wirkung zeigt. Weniger beforscht und bekannt sind unerwünschte Effekte und Nebenwirkungen in psychotherapeutischen Prozessen. An der Donau-Universität Krems ist ein Forschungsteam den potenziellen Risiken und Fehlerquellen in einem komplexen Forschungsdesign nachgegangen. Unerwünschte Wirkungen in psychotherapeutischen Prozessen treten demnach in einem gewissen Prozentsatz der Behandlungen auf. Negativen Verläufe kann daher nur präventiv und interventiv vorgebeugt werden. Wichtige Faktoren in der Fehlerprävention und -intervention sind Transparenz und Partizipation. Das für die therapeutische Praxis relevante Ergebnis wird im Artikel zur Diskussion gestellt.Based on the results of a series of efficacy studies it is assumed that psychotherapy is generally experienced by patients as having a positive effect. Less well researched and less well-known are undesirable effects and side effects in psychotherapeutic processes. A research team at Donau University, Krems, Austria has investigated the potential risks and sources of error in a complex research design. According to their results, adverse events in psychotherapeutic processes do occur in a certain percentage of cases. Negative processes and outcomes can therefore only be addressed by preventive and remedial interventions. Important factors in error prevention and repair are transparency and participation. The article presents and discusses the results with relevance for therapeutic practice
New method to study ion-molecule reactions at low temperatures and application to the H + H H + H reaction
Studies of ion-molecule reactions at low temperatures are difficult because
stray electric fields in the reaction volume affect the kinetic energy of
charged reaction partners. We describe a new experimental approach to study
ion-molecule reactions at low temperatures and present, as example, a
measurement of the
reaction with the ion prepared in a single rovibrational state at
collision energies in the range -60 K. To reach such
low collision energies, we use a merged-beam approach and observe the reaction
within the orbit of a Rydberg electron, which shields the ions from stray
fields. The first beam is a supersonic beam of pure ground-state H
molecules and the second is a supersonic beam of H molecules excited to
Rydberg-Stark states of principal quantum number selected in the range
20-40. Initially, the two beams propagate along axes separated by an angle of
10. To merge the two beams, the Rydberg molecules in the latter beam
are deflected using a surface-electrode Rydberg-Stark deflector. The collision
energies of the merged beams are determined by measuring the velocity
distributions of the two beams and they are adjusted by changing the
temperature of the pulsed valve used to generate the ground-state
beam and by adapting the electric-potential functions to the electrodes of the
deflector. The collision energy is varied down to below K, i.e., below meV, with an energy resolution of 100
eV. We demonstrate that the Rydberg electron acts as a spectator and does
not affect the cross sections, which are found to closely follow a
classical-Langevin-capture model in the collision-energy range investigated.
Because all neutral atoms and molecules can be excited to Rydberg states, this
method of studyingComment: 39 pages, 10 figure
Patients' perceptions of risky developments during psychotherapy
Research on risks and unwanted effects is largely missing in psychotherapy. Using exploratory factor analysis six dimensions of personal therapy situation were identified in a preliminary study, three of them were associated with risky developments during the psychotherapeutic process: (1) (poor) quality of therapeutic relationship, (2) burden caused by psychotherapy, and (3) dependency/isolation. Based on the finding of this study an online survey was performed to examine these three dimensions. Aside from these three factors another variable was associated with risky therapy developments: the online questionnaire also asked for premature terminations of psychotherapy as a consequence of risky conditions for the therapeutic development. Risky conditions were found to be associated with the following variables: (1) the combination of female patient–male therapist, (2) the therapeutic orientation (particularly with the psychodynamic approaches) and (3) the duration of therapy. Fewer humanistic and systemic psychotherapies were found among the high risk-prone group of patients who were at risk in at least three of the four variables which were associated with risky developments. Differences in the findings of the study regarding the four therapeutic orientations stress the importance of an extensive differential indication and a cooperative partnership between patient and therapist, in order to facilitate a positive patient participation towards the choice of therapy method and subsequent successful participation throughout the course of treatment. Further studies should also focus on female patient and male therapist psychotherapies
Patients’ Perceptions of Risky Developments During Psychotherapy
Research on risks and unwanted effects is largely missing in psychotherapy. Using exploratory factor analysis six dimensions of personal therapy situation were identified in a preliminary study, three of them were associated with risky developments during the psychotherapeutic process: (1) (poor) quality of therapeutic relationship, (2) burden caused by psychotherapy, and (3) dependency/isolation. Based on the finding of this study an online survey was performed to examine these three dimensions. Aside from these three factors another variable was associated with risky therapy developments: the online questionnaire also asked for premature terminations of psychotherapy as a consequence of risky conditions for the therapeutic development. Risky conditions were found to be associated with the following variables: (1) the combination of female patient–male therapist, (2) the therapeutic orientation (particularly with the psychodynamic approaches) and (3) the duration of therapy. Fewer humanistic and systemic psychotherapies were found among the high risk-prone group of patients who were at risk in at least three of the four variables which were associated with risky developments. Differences in the findings of the study regarding the four therapeutic orientations stress the importance of an extensive differential indication and a cooperative partnership between patient and therapist, in order to facilitate a positive patient participation towards the choice of therapy method and subsequent successful participation throughout the course of treatment. Further studies should also focus on female patient and male therapist psychotherapies