Divergence time estimation and ancestral area reconstruction of porcini s.s. using the ITS data.

<p>The Chronogram is obtained from molecular clock analysis using BEAST. Pie chart in each node indicates the possible ancestral distributions inferred from Baysian Binary MCMC analysis (BBM) implemented in RASP, while characters above and beneath each clade identify the possible ancestral distribution estimated by maximum likelihood-based program LAGRANGE. Red circles around pie charts indicate possible dispersal and vicariance events as suggested by BBM analysis, while green circles show only dispersal events. Red branches identify dispersal events inferred by LAGRANGE. Characters beyond species names show current distribution area of each species.</p

Chronogram and estimated divergence times of porcini s.l. generated from molecular clock analysis using the RPB1-nrLSU data.

<p>Chronogram obtained using the Ascomycota – Basidiomycota divergence time of 582 Mya as the calibration point is shown in panel A. The calibration point and objects of this study are marked in the chronogram. The geological time scale is in millions of years ago (Mya). Estimated divergence times of main nodes are summarized in panel B, with divergence times of lineages in the porcini s.l. highlighted in blue color.</p

Phylogenetic tree inferred from the Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis based on the RPB1-nrLSU data.

<p>Bootstrap values (ML)/posterior possibilities (from Bayesian Inference) are shown above or beneath individual branches. The positions of five lineages are marked with bold lines, where 1, 2, 3 represent our newly identified lineage (<i>Boletus</i> sp. HKAS71346), “<i>Inferiboletus</i>”, and “<i>Obtextiporus</i>”, respectively. All names in the porcini s.s. lineage were the same as those from ITS analysis (see Fig. 2).</p

Average evolutionary divergence over ITS sequence pairs within and between groups (provincially adopted phylogenetic species) calculated by MEGA 5 using the Maximum Composite Likelihood model.

<p>Average evolutionary divergence over ITS sequence pairs within and between groups (provincially adopted phylogenetic species) calculated by MEGA 5 using the Maximum Composite Likelihood model.</p

Phylogenetic tree and distribution patterns of the species within the porcini s.s. lineage.

<p>Panel A shows the topology inferred from ML analysis using the ITS data. The two values at each node represent the percentage of bootstrap supports (ML)/posterior probabilities (BI). Provisionally adopted names (based on tree topology) and finally accepted names (based on our proposed criterion for phylogenetic species identification) for all taxa are listed. Newly identified phylogenetic species are highlighted by adding asterisks after their names. Three major clades are separately marked with bold lines, and the fourth one is not marked due to its low statistical support values. Panel B lists the distribution patterns of the porcini s.s. as a pie chart. Colors in both panels represent different distribution ranges.</p