Photopion reactions on deltas preexisting in nuclei

Reactions A(\gamma, pi^+p) are considered to proceed through the formation of pion-proton pairs on delta constituents in nuclei. We develop the nonrelativistic operator for \Delta^{++}(\gamma, pi^+)p process in an arbitrary frame. The calculated cross section for C12(\gamma, \pi^+p) reaction is compared to the existing experimental data.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Helicity-dependent photoabsorption cross sections on the nucleon

We examine the energy dependence of single-meson photoproduction as it contributes to the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule. For photon energies above approximately 1 GeV, through the full resonance region, this contribution dominates the proton sum rule integral. Over the same energy region, our single-pion contribution to the neutron sum rule also qualitatively follows a recent set of GDH data. The predicted neutral-pion contribution to the neutron sum rule is nearly zero above 1 GeV in this result. The SAID and Mainz (MAID) results are very different for a number of observables over this energy region.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figur

Sum Rules for Magnetic Moments and Polarizabilities in QED and Chiral Effective-Field Theory

We elaborate on a recently proposed extension of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule which is achieved by taking derivatives with respect to the anomalous magnetic moment. The new sum rule features a {\it linear} relation between the anomalous magnetic moment and the dispersion integral over a cross-section quantity. We find some analogy of the linearized form of the GDH sum rule with the `sideways dispersion relations'. As an example, we apply the linear sum rule to reproduce the famous Schwinger's correction to the magnetic moment in QED from a tree-level cross-section calculation and outline the procedure for computing the two-loop correction from a one-loop cross-section calculation. The polarizabilities of the electron in QED are considered as well by using the other forward-Compton-scattering sum rules. We also employ the sum rules to study the magnetic moment and polarizabilities of the nucleon in a relativistic chiral EFT framework. In particular we investigate the chiral extrapolation of these quantities.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures; several additions, published versio

Dispersion relations and subtractions in hard exclusive processes

We study analytical properties of the hard exclusive processes amplitudes. We found that QCD factorization for deeply virtual Compton scattering and hard exclusive vector meson production results in the subtracted dispersion relation with the subtraction constant determined by the Polyakov-Weiss $D$-term. The relation of this constant to the fixed pole contribution found by Brodsky, Close and Gunion and defined by parton distributions is proved, while its manifestation is spoiled by the small $x$ divergence. The continuation to the real photons limit is considered and the numerical correspondence between lattice simulations of $D$-term and low energy Thomson amplitude is found.Comment: 4 pages, journal versio

Mechanically alloyed magnesium-based materials For hydrogen storage

Mechanical alloying is very promising technique for fabrication of hydrogen storage materials possessing good hydriding properties. Magnesium and magnesium-based alloys are attractive from hydrogen capacity point of view, but the kinetics of hydridingdehydriding of magnesium are not sufficiently fast even at elevated temperature. Moreover, the theoretical hydrogen capacity is never achieved in practice. In this work, various approaches to improving hydrogen storage properties of magnesium-based materials with the help of mechanical alloying are discussed and some experimental results illustrate the possibility of each approach. It is demonstrated that improving the hydrogen storage properties of known hydrogen absorbing materials is possible by affecting their structure, morphology, surface properties and so on, using mechanical activation and mechanical alloying with various types of additives. It is possible to search for new hydrogen absorbing materials by means of mechanochemical fabrication of metastable composites of components very different in nature including thermodynamically immiscible ones. These composites may possess very interesting hydrogen storage properties and serve as precursors for the synthesis of new phases. Direct synthesis of metastable intermetallic compounds or hydrided phases in the course of mechanical alloying also opens opportunities to obtain materials promising for hydrogen storage

High Energy Photon-Photon Collisions at a Linear Collider

High intensity back-scattered laser beams will allow the efficient conversion of a substantial fraction of the incident lepton energy into high energy photons, thus significantly extending the physics capabilities of an electron-electron or electron-positron linear collider. The annihilation of two photons produces C=+ final states in virtually all angular momentum states. The annihilation of polarized photons into the Higgs boson determines its fundamental two-photon coupling as well as determining its parity. Other novel two-photon processes include the two-photon production of charged lepton pairs, vector boson pairs, as well as supersymmetric squark and slepton pairs and Higgstrahlung. The one-loop box diagram leads to the production of pairs of neutral particles. High energy photon-photon collisions can also provide a remarkably background-free laboratory for studying possibly anomalous $W W$ collisions and annihilation. In the case of QCD, each photon can materialize as a quark anti-quark pair which interact via multiple gluon exchange. The diffractive channels in photon-photon collisions allow a novel look at the QCD pomeron and odderon. Odderon exchange can be identified by looking at the heavy quark asymmetry. In the case of electron-photon collisions, one can measure the photon structure functions and its various components. Exclusive hadron production processes in photon-photon collisions test QCD at the amplitude level and measure the hadron distribution amplitudes which control exclusive semi-leptonic and two-body hadronic B-decays.Comment: Invited talk, presented at the 5th International Workshop On Electron-Electron Interactions At TeV Energies, Santa Cruz, California, 12-14 December 200

A time lens for high resolution neutron time of flight spectrometers

We examine in analytic and numeric ways the imaging effects of temporal neutron lenses created by traveling magnetic fields. For fields of parabolic shape we derive the imaging equations, investigate the time-magnification, the evolution of the phase space element, the gain factor and the effect of finite beam size. The main aberration effects are calculated numerically. The system is technologically feasible and should convert neutron time of flight instruments from pinhole- to imaging configuration in time, thus enhancing intensity and/or time resolution. New fields of application for high resolution spectrometry may be opened.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure

The Martin boundary of relatively hyperbolic groups with virtually abelian parabolic subgroups

Given a probability measure on a finitely generated group, its Martin boundary is a way to compactify the group using the Green's function of the corresponding random walk. We give a complete topological characterization of the Martin boundary of finitely supported random walks on relatively hyperbolic groups with virtually abelian parabolic subgroups. In particular, in the case of nonuniform lattices in the real hyperbolic space Hn\mathbb{H}^{n}Hn, we show that the Martin boundary coincides with the CAT(0)CAT(0)CAT(0) boundary of the truncated space