INTERNET PARA OS GANHOS DOS ESTUDANTES: LOCAL DE TRABALHO OU ESPAÇO DE COMUNICAÇÃO

La sobrecarga de trabajo de los docentes puede ocasionar desafíos para los docentes que provoquen agotamiento a largo plazo si no se abordan. En consecuencia, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las fuentes de prevención del agotamiento desde las perspectivas de los supervisores EFL (inglés como lengua extranjera). Los participantes fueron 85 supervisores de EFL iraníes cuyo trabajo consistía en observar y dar retroalimentación a los maestros sobre su desempeño docente en varios niveles de dominio del idioma, desde los niveles de primaria hasta los avanzados. En este estudio se empleó un diseño secuencial de método mixto. Primero, la recopilación de datos cualitativos se realizó mediante entrevistas con 30 participantes para determinar las fuentes de prevención del agotamiento desde la perspectiva de los supervisores. A continuación, se diseñó un cuestionario de prevención de agotamiento utilizando los resultados de las entrevistas, después de lo cual se administró a los participantes restantes. Los datos recopilados fueron analizados por factores para identificar los componentes de la construcción de prevención de agotamiento. Los resultados del análisis de contenido de los datos de la entrevista indicaron que el apoyo de los maestros por parte de sus colegas, la situación menos estresante y la satisfacción laboral fueron las principales fuentes de prevención del agotamiento. El análisis factorial mostró las mismas fuentes de agotamiento que los componentes principales de la construcción de prevención de agotamiento. Los hallazgos de este estudio enfatizan la contribución del apoyo educativo y emocional de los maestros, proporcionando un lugar de trabajo constructivo y saludable, así como ingresos deseables como formas de prevención del agotamiento en los maestros de EFL.Teacher work overload can cause challenges for teachers leading to burnout in the long term if not addressed. Consequently, the present study aims at examining the sources of burnout prevention from EFL (English as a foreign Language) supervisors’ perspectives. The participants were 85 Iranian EFL supervisors whose job was observing and giving feedback to teachers about their teaching performance at various levels of language proficiencies from elementary to advanced levels. A sequential mixed method design was employed in this study. First, collection of qualitative data was performed using interviews with 30 participants in order to determine the sources of burnout prevention from supervisors’ perspectives. Next, a burnout prevention questionnaire was designed using the results of the interviews, after which it was administered to the remaining participants. The collected data were factor analyzed to identify the components of burnout prevention construct. Results of content analysis of the interview data indicated that teachers’ support from their colleagues, less stressful situation, and job satisfaction were the main sources of burnout prevention. Factor analysis showed the same sources of burnout as the main components of the burnout prevention construct. The findings of this study emphasize on the contribution of teachers’ educational and emotional support, providing constructive and healthy working place, as well as desirable income as ways for prevention of burnout in EFL teachers.A sobrecarga de trabalho do professor pode causar desafios para os professores, levando a esgotamento a longo prazo, se não forem abordados. Consequentemente, o presente estudo tem como objetivo examinar as fontes de prevenção de burnout das perspectivas dos supervisores de EFL (inglês como língua estrangeira). Os participantes foram 85 supervisores iranianos de EFL, cujo trabalho era observar e dar feedback aos professores sobre seu desempenho no ensino em vários níveis de proficiência linguística, do nível básico ao avançado. Um método misto sequencial foi empregado neste estudo. Primeiro, a coleta de dados qualitativos foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com 30 participantes, a fim de determinar as fontes de prevenção de burnout na perspectiva dos supervisores. Em seguida, foi elaborado um questionário de prevenção de burnout, utilizando os resultados das entrevistas, após o qual foi aplicado aos demais participantes. Os dados coletados foram analisados por fatores para identificar os componentes do construto de prevenção de burnout. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo dos dados da entrevista indicaram que o apoio dos professores de seus colegas, a situação menos estressante e a satisfação no trabalho foram as principais fontes de prevenção de burnout. A análise fatorial mostrou as mesmas fontes de burnout que os principais componentes do construto de prevenção de burnout. As conclusões deste estudo enfatizam a contribuição do apoio educacional e emocional dos professores, proporcionando um local de trabalho construtivo e saudável, bem como a renda desejável como formas de prevenção do esgotamento nos professores de EFL

Approaches to Educational Programs Modeling, Design and Implementation for Continuous Training of Various Experts

This article describes an approach to model, construct and implement multilevel system of continuous educational programs. The training content is determined by the system of generalized professional competencies. The educational levels correspond to the competency levels. The multilevel system includes five educational levels: primary professional training programs (perhaps at high school), secondary vocational programs (which are transformed into applied bachelor programs), bachelor programs, master programs, and postgraduate programs. This multi-level educational system may be implemented effectively using the fractal model of regional educational structures. The fractal model is based on self-similarity, self-organization and self-development. This implemented educational system makes possible to use individual learning tracks both in one educational program and during the transition between educational levels. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s3p14

Composite Coatings of AMg3 Alloy Formed by a Combination of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation and Fluoropolymer Spraying

This paper presents the results of an investigation of the changes in the corrosion, wear resistance, and wettability of composite coatings formed on the AMg3 alloy through plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and subsequent spraying with an organofluorine polymer. The evaluation of the electrochemical properties of the composite layers revealed a decrease in the corrosion current density compared with the PEO coating (from 3.8 × 10−8 to 3.1 × 10−11 A/cm2). The analysis of the wear resistance of composite coatings established that the application of this type of coating reduced the wear of the samples by two orders of magnitude when compared with the PEO layer. Using the contact-angle measurement, it was found that with an increase in the number of polymer spray applications, the wettability of coatings decreased, so the contact angle for the composite coating with triple fluoropolymer application increased by 134.3° compared to the base PEO coating

Soybean testa spectral study

The increasing production volumes of soy foods require new express methods for testing soybeans during processing and presowing. This study assessed the efficiency of spectral pre-sowing assessment methods using Vilana soybeans. The research featured soybeans of the Vilana cultivar. The control sample consisted of untreated whole soybeans while the test samples included soybeans pretreated with various modifiers. The methods involved spectrofluorimetry and IR-Fourier spectrometry. A wide emission band at 400–550 nm corresponded to the fluorescence of the soybean testa. The band at 560–610 nm indicated the presence of such modifiers as Imidor insecticide and Deposit fungicide. The luminescence spectrum of the untreated soybean testa was maximal at 441 nm. The luminescence spectrum of the treated soybean samples was maximal at 446.5 and 585 nm when the excitation wavelength was 362 nm. The fluorescence was studied both spectrally and kinetically to establish the maximal luminescence time and the typical vibration frequencies. The spectral studies of Vilana soybeans before and after treatment revealed which modifiers were adsorbed on the palisade epidermis and defined the type of interaction between the modifier and the soybean. The spectrofluorimetry and IR spectroscopy proved able to provide a reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis of Vilana soybean surface

Laser-induced modification of amorphous GST225 phase change materials

In this paper, we have studied the crystallization behavior of amorphous GST225 thin films upon irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses. Crystalline and melt-quenched amorphous regions were produced by exposure to laser single or multipulses, and were characterized by the optical microscopy and by the micro-Raman spectroscopy. Transition region between the amorphous and crystalline parts of the laser-modified area was investigated by atomic force microscopy. Using irradiation by single laser pulses with varying fluence, it was verified that crystallization was possible if the fluence is more than 90.4 mJ/cm2

Phanogracilins A–C, New Bibenzochromenones of Crinoid <i>Phanogenia gracilis</i> (Hartlaub, 1890)

Three new bibenzochromenones named phanogracilins A–C (1–3) were isolated from the crinoid Phanogenia gracilis. The structure of 1 was established using X-ray crystallography as 5,5′,6,6′,8,8′-hexahydroxy-2,2′-dipropyl-4H,4′H-[7,9′-bibenzo[g]chromene]-4,4′-dione. This allowed us to assign reliably 2D NMR signals for compound 1 and subsequently for its isomer 2 that differed in the connecting position of two benzochromenone moieties (7,10′ instead of 7,9′), and compound for 3 that differed in the length of the aliphatic chain of one of the fragments. Compound 4 was derived from 1 in alkaline conditions, and its structure was elucidated as 5,5′,6′,8,8′-pentahydroxy-2,2′-dipropyl-4H,4′H-[7,9′-bibenzo[g]chromene]-4,4′,6,9-tetraone. Even though compounds 1–4 did not contain stereo centers, they possessed notable optical activity due to sterical hindrances, which limited the internal rotation of two benzochromenone fragments around C(7)–C(9′/10′) bonds. Isolated bibenzochromenones 1–4 were tested for their antiradical, neuroprotective and antimicrobial activities. Compounds 1, 3 and 4 demonstrated significant antiradical properties towards ABTS radicals higher than the positive control trolox. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited moderate neuroprotective activity, increasing the viability of rotenone-treated Neuro-2a cells at a concentration of 1 µM by 9.8% and 11.8%, respectively. Compounds 1 and 3 at concentrations from 25 to 100 μM dose-dependently inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and yeast-like fungi C. albicans, and they also prevented the formation of their biofilms. Compounds 2 and 4 exhibited low antimicrobial activity

Enhancing Lithium and Sodium Storage Properties of TiO2(B) Nanobelts by Doping with Nickel and Zinc

Nickel- and zinc-doped TiO2(B) nanobelts were synthesized using a hydrothermal technique. It was found that the incorporation of 5 at.% Ni into bronze TiO2 expanded the unit cell by 4%. Furthermore, Ni dopant induced the 3d energy levels within TiO2(B) band structure and oxygen defects, narrowing the band gap from 3.28 eV (undoped) to 2.70 eV. Oppositely, Zn entered restrictedly into TiO2(B), but nonetheless, improves its electronic properties (Eg is narrowed to 3.21 eV). The conductivity of nickel- (2.24 × 10−8 S·cm−1) and zinc-containing (3.29 × 10−9 S·cm−1) TiO2(B) exceeds that of unmodified TiO2(B) (1.05 × 10−10 S·cm−1). When tested for electrochemical storage, nickel-doped mesoporous TiO2(B) nanobelts exhibited improved electrochemical performance. For lithium batteries, a reversible capacity of 173 mAh·g−1 was reached after 100 cycles at the current load of 50 mA·g−1, whereas, for unmodified and Zn-doped samples, around 140 and 151 mAh·g−1 was obtained. Moreover, Ni doping enhanced the rate capability of TiO2(B) nanobelts (104 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 1.8 A·g−1). In terms of sodium storage, nickel-doped TiO2(B) nanobelts exhibited improved cycling with a stabilized reversible capacity of 97 mAh·g−1 over 50 cycles at the current load of 35 mA·g−1