Tko se (još) druži sa susjedima? Prilog analizi lokalnih društvenih odnosa

Disembedding of social relations from a local context has often been pointed out as one of the main characteristics of contemporary social changes. Taking that as a starting point, this paper explored the role of neighborhood social relations in contemporary Croatian society. The analysis presented in this paper had two aims. The first aim was to get insight into structure of local social relations in Croatia and the second one was to determine whether dynamics of local social relations are related to some demographic, socioeconomic or spatial characteristics. Data analyzed in this paper were collected through the survey entitled Pilar’s Barometer of Croatian Society. The survey was conducted in the spring of 2014 on the national representative sample of Croatian citizens aged 18 years and older (N=1000). Findings from the analysis indicate that neighboring is a usual form of social interaction for majority of the target population. Furthermore, analysis showed that the level of education and the size both of settlements and buildings where respondents live are the most important determinants of neighborhood social relations. In addition, the analysis revealed that years of residence at the present address are particularly important for density of neighborhood social relations.Izvlačenje društvenih odnosa iz lokalnog konteksta često se spominje kao jedno od bitnih obilježja suvremenih društvenih promjena. Upravo polazeći od toga ovim radom se propitivala uloga koju danas društveni odnosi u susjedstvu imaju u hrvatskom društvu. Dva su osnovna cilja ovoga rada: prvi cilj je dobiti uvid u obilježja strukture lokalnih društvenih odnosa u Hrvatskoj, a drugi cilj je utvrditi je li dinamika lokalnih društvenih odnosa povezana s nekim osnovnim sociodemografskim, socioekonomskim te prostornim čimbenicima. U analizi su korišteni podaci prikupljeni anketnim istraživanjem Pilarov barometar hrvatskog društva. Istraživanje je provedeno u proljeće 2014. godine na reprezentativnom uzorku građana Hrvatske starijih od 18 godina (N=1000). Dobiveni nalazi upućuju na to da je u hrvatskom društvu druženje sa susjedima još uvijek uobičajeni oblik socijalne interakcije za većinu stanovništva. Kao najznačajnije odrednice društvenih odnosa među susjedima pokazale su se stupanj obrazovanja te veličina naselja i zgrade u kojoj ispitanici žive. Osim toga, posebno važnim za gustoću društvenih odnosa u susjedstvu se pokazao broj godina provedeno na sadašnjoj adresi stanovanja

Die Einstellung der Lokalbehörden zu bestimmten sozioökologischen Folgeerscheinungen des Baus von Ferienwohnungen auf der Insel Vir

Empirijski podatci upotrijebljeni u ovom radu prikupljeni su u okviru širega anketnog istraživanja o prostornim, gospodarskim i socijalnim aspektima izgradnje za povremeno stanovanje na jadranskom području. Jedno od promatranih naselja u tome istraživanju bio je i Vir, no razlog fokusiranja ovoga rada na Vir nije slučajan. Izbor je ponajviše motiviran time što u Hrvatskoj gotovo da i nema javne rasprave o problemu nekontroliranoga turističkog razvitka te s time povezane bespravne gradnje koji kao primjer ne navodi upravo slučaj otoka Vira. Može se reći da je Vir postao sinonim za sve loše što se veže uz izgradnju stanova za odmor. Upravo u tom kontekstu ciljevi ovoga rada jesu istražiti u kojoj je mjeri lokalno stanovništvo zadovoljno dosadašnjim razvitkom naselja, koje koristi i štete njihovoj sredini nosi izgradnja stanova za odmor te, na kraju, kakav je generalni stav ispitanika prema izgradnji stanova za odmor. Ukratko, rezultati pokazuju da među anketiranim mještanima, dakle na lokalnoj razini, prevladava relativno benevolentan stav o posljedicama izgradnje stanova za odmor te da na lokalnoj razini nema većeg protivljenja postojećem smjeru razvitka otoka, odnosno da se izgradnja stanova za odmor ne doživljava inkompatibilnom s otočnim interesima.Empirical data used in this paper were collected within the research project "Spatial, economic and social aspects of building second homes on the Adriatic coast" conducted during autumn 2004 by the Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar. One of the observed places was Vir and the reason why we took it as the subject of this study was not unintentional. There has not been any discussion in Croatia about illegal building connected with tourism development without mentioning the case of Vir, which has become a synonym for all the unpleasant socio-spatial changes produced by unplanned second homes development. Therefore, with Vir in the background the aims of this paper were to explore residents\u27 satisfaction, perception of costs and benefits from second home development and general attitudes about second home development. The results show that the host community finds the consequences of mass building of second homes unthreatening and there is no serious opposition to island development based on second homes and residential tourism. In other words, residents consider second home development mostly compatible with their personal and community interests.Die diesem Artikel zugrunde liegenden empirischen Angaben entstammen einer breiter angelegten Umfrage über räumliche, wirtschaftliche und soziale Aspekte des Baus von Ferienwohnungen im adriatischen Küstenraum. Zu den in der Umfrage untersuchten Orten gehörte auch die Insel Vir. Die Wahl war nicht zufällig auf diesen Ort gefallen, vornehmlich deshalb, weil es in Kroatien so gut wie keine öffentliche Diskussion zum Problem der unkontrollierten touristischen Entwicklung und der damit verbundenen unrechtmäßigen Verbauung gibt, in der nicht der Fall Vir genannt würde. Man kann sagen, dass Vir zum Synonym für alles Negative geworden ist, das mit dem Bau von Ferienwohnungen in Verbindung gebracht wird. Gerade in diesem Kontext möchte der Verfasser ermitteln, inwiefern die Lokalbevölkerung mit der bisherigen Ortsentwicklung zufrieden ist, welche Vor- und Nachteile der Bau von Ferienwohnungen bringt und welche Einstellung schließlich die Befragten zur genannten Bautätigkeit haben. Kurz gefasst: Die Umfrageergebnisse zeigen, dass unter den befragten Ortsansässigen, also auf Lokalebene, eine verhältnismäßig benevolente Einstellung zu den Folgen des Baus von Ferienwohnungen vorherrscht. Daher ist unter der Lokalbevölkerung kein größerer Widerstand zur bestehenden Richtung in der Entwicklung ihrer Insel zu vermerken, bzw. man betrachtet den Bau von Ferienwohnungen nicht als etwas, das mit den Interessen der Insel inkompatibel wäre

Soziale Aspekte der städtischen Verkehrsplanung: Die Meinung der Zagreber Öffentlichkeit zu den Entwicklungskonsequenzen im Falle einer Untertunnelung des Stadtbergs und des Baus einer Metro

U radu se analiziraju socijalni aspekti planiranja gradskoga prometa na primjeru odnosa javnosti spram dva predložena zagrebačka projekta: gradnji podzemno-nadzemne lake gradske željeznice (metroa) i gradnji tunela kroz Medvednicu. Posebno su istaknuti planiranje prometnoga sustava kao kontinuirani proces usklađivanja prometne infrastrukture i grada te uloga javnosti kao aktera u suvremenim procesima planiranja, koji se temelje na komunikacijskim modelima i interaktivnom pristupu. U radu se naglašava očekivanje da će se i kriteriji prihvatljivosti ili neprihvatljivosti pojedinih gradskih projekata u očima javnosti oblikovati na temelju procjenjivanja projekata i kao infrastrukturnih poboljšanja i kao simboličnih projekata kroz koje se potvrđuje metropolski identitet grada. Na temelju rezultata dvaju anketnih istraživanja, pokazalo se da se stavovi javnosti o prijedlozima novih projekata oblikuju između zahtjeva za ekonomskim dobitima i zahtjeva za čuvanjem okoliša, pri čemu, u oba slučaja, prevladavaju kriteriji koristi za zajednicu u cjelini i velegradska legitimacija grada. Dobivene su faktorske strukture koje upućuju na to da su očekivanja javnosti od infrastrukturnih projekata općenito povezana s razvojnim dobitima, ali i sa strahom od rizika koje ti projekti unose u gradski okoliš.The paper analyses the social aspects of planning city transport on the example of public opinion regarding these two proposed Zagreb projects: the building of the under- -and-above ground light railway (metro) and building of the tunnel through Medvednica. Specially emphasised are the planning of the transport system as a continuing process of adjusting the transport infrastructure with the city, as well as the role of the public as an important factor in contemporary planning processes based on communication models and the interactive approach. The paper underlines the expectation that the criterion of acceptance or nonacceptance of certain city projects in the eyes of the public is formed based on assessing the projects both as infrastructural improvements and symbolic projects which confirm the metropolitan identity of the city. Based on results of two surveys in which the examinees assessed the supposed developmental consequences of the given projects, it was indicated that the public\u27s attitudes towards these new project proposals are formed between the demands for economic profit and demands for preserving the environment, while in both cases the dominant criteria were the advantages for the community in general and the metropolitan image of the city. Factor structures were obtained indicating that the public\u27s expectations from the infrastructural projects were generally connected with developmental advantages, but also with fear from the risks these projects introduce into the city\u27s environment.Der Artikel analysiert die sozialen Aspekte der städtischen Verkehrsplanung am Beispiel zweier baulicher Großprojekte in Zagreb und der diesbezüglichen Einstellung der Öffentlichentlichkeit. Es geht um den geplanten Bau einer teils oderirdisch, teils unterirdisch verkehrenden Stadtbahn (Metro) und die Untertunnelung des nördlich von Zagreb gelegenen Stadtbergs Medvednica [zum besseren Anschluss des nordwestlichen Landesteils – Anm. d. Üb.]. Im Fokus dieser Arbeit stehen die Verkehrsplanung als kontinuierlicher Prozess der Verkehrsplanung und die Rolle der Öffentlichkeit als eines Akteurs in zeitgenössischen Planungsvorgängen, die auf gängigen Kommunikationsmodellen und einem interaktiven Ansatz gegründet sind. Der Verfasser formuliert die nachdrückliche Annahme bzw. Erwartung, dass sich das Kriterium der Akzeptanz oder Nichtakzeptanz eines städtischen Bauvorhabens in den Augen der Öffentlichkeit davon abhängen wird, ob ein bestimmtes Projekt als Verbesserung der städtischen Infrastruktur und als symbolträchtiges Unternehmen eingeschätzt wird, das dazu beiträgt, die Identität der Stadt als Metropole zu prägen. Im Rahmen zweier Umfragen sollten die Befragten die Entwicklungskonsequenzen der angeführten Bauvorhaben einschätzen, und es zeigte sich, dass die öffentliche Meinung zwischen Forderungen nach größerer Wirtschaftlichkeit einerseits und Umweltbewusstsein andererseits schwankt; in beiden Fällen waren der Nutzen für das gesamtstädtische Gemeinwesen und der Großstadtcharakter Zagrebs die dominanten Einschätzungskriterien. Die ermittelten Faktorenstrukturen verweisen darauf, dass die Erwartungen der Öffentlichkeit hinsichtlich des Nutzens von Infrastrukturprojekten allgemein mit der Hoffnung auf wirtschaftlichen Profit verbunden sind, dass jedoch auch Angst vor Risiken besteht, die solche Projekte für die Umwelt bringen

Veterans’ Economic Activities: Experiences and Attitudes on Labor Market Measures

U radu se analiziraju radna aktivnost i položaj na tržištu rada hrvatskih branitelja Domovinskog rata u dobi od 45 do 64 godina. Na temelju 798 ispunjenih anketnih upitnika branitelja iz pet županija i Grada Zagreba proizlazi da je 54,8% branitelja radno aktivno dok ih je 43,9% umirovljeno. Svaki peti radno aktivni branitelj zaposlen je u djelatnosti javne uprave i obrane, a oko 17% obavlja djelatnost u građevinarstvu. Anketom se istražilo i poznavanje programa Ministarstva hrvatskih branitelja namijenjenih zapošljavanju i samozapošljavanju branitelja. Rezultati pokazuju da 7% ispitanika nije uopće ili nije dovoljno informirano o programima, a njih samo oko 6% kazalo je su o tim programima odlično informirani. Među braniteljima uključenim u neki od programa za zapošljavanje ili samozapošljavanje prevladavaju oni koji su s programima upoznati preko braniteljskih udruga i internetske stranice Ministarstva hrvatskih branitelja. Gledajući proceduru korištenja mjera u cjelini, polovica branitelja navela je da su uglavnom ili potpuno zadovoljni ulaskom u mjeru zapošljavanja ili samozapošljavanja.The paper analyzes the economic activity and position on the labor market of Croatian Homeland War veterans aged 45-64. Based on 798 completed survey questionnaires of veterans from five counties and the City of Zagreb, results show that 54.8% of veterans are actively employed, while 43.9% are retired. Every fifth active military veteran is employed in public administration and defense, and around 17% work in construction. The survey also looked into the awareness of the programs that the Ministry of Croatian Veterans intended for the employment and self-employment of veterans. The results show that 7% of the participants were not at all or not sufficiently informed about the programs, and only about 6% of them said that they were very well informed about these programs. Among the veterans included in some of the programs for employment or selfemployment, most participants belong to those who became familiar with the programs through veterans’ associations and the website of the Ministry of Croatian Veterans. Looking at the procedure of using the measures as a whole, half of the veterans stated that they were mostly or completely satisfied with taking part in the employment or self-employment measure

The Issue of Trust in a »Low Trust« Society: an Example of Young People from the Vukovar-Srijem County

Teme povjerenja u ljude i povjerenja u institucije zauzimaju važno mjesto u suvremenim društvenim znanostima, a relativno brojna empirijska istraživanja koja obrađuju tu tematiku donijela su važne uvide te omogućila usporedbe procesa u različitim društvima. Ipak, još uvijek se traže odgovori na pitanja u kojoj mjeri zaista povjerenje ima efekt na različite aspekte društvenog života te za djelovanje kojih društvenih skupina je povjerenje više, a za koje manje relevantan čimbenik. U ovom radu istražili smo pojavljuje li se kod mladih povezanost povjerenja u ljude i institucije s poštovanjem normi, pomaganjem drugima te predmigracijskim aspiracijama. Analize su provedene na temelju rezultata empirijskog istraživanja provedenog u drugom dijelu 2021. godine na uzorku učenika trećih i četvrtih razreda srednjih škola iz Vukovarsko- srijemske županije. Dobiveni uvidi otkrivaju određen efekt ispitivanih dimenzija povjerenja na navedene aspekte društvenog života, pri čemu se osobito povjerenje u Crkvu pokazalo značajnim prediktorom. Ipak, neke početne hipoteze nisu potvrđene, a osobito je iznenađujući izostanak povezanosti općeg povjerenja u ljude s poštovanjem normi, pomaganjem drugima i migracijskim aspiracijama. Držimo da prikazani rezultati daju doprinos razumijevanju procesa socijalizacije mladih u suvremenom hrvatskom društvu, ali i potiču na daljnja istraživanja o značenju povjerenja za suvremena društva.The issue of trust in people and institutions is of great importance in contemporary social sciences, and numerous empirical studies have provided many significant insights in this regard and have allowed for the comparison of different societies. Nevertheless, we are still attempting to ascertain to what extent trust actually effects various aspects of social life and whether trust is a more relevant factor for some social groups than for others. This paper examines whether young people associate trust in people and institutions with social norms of respect, helping others, and premigration aspirations. We have analysed these factors based on the results of an empirical study conducted at the end of 2021 with third and fourth grade students of high schools in the Vukovar-Srijem County. Our results have shown a certain effect of the studied trust dimensions on the specified aspects of social life, with trust in the Church proving to be a significant predictor. However, some of our initial hypotheses have not been confirmed, and it is particularly surprising that respondents did not associate general trust in people with compliance with norms, helping others, and migration aspirations. We believe that the presented results will contribute to the understanding of socialization of young people in modern Croatian society and encourage further research on the importance of trust in modern societies

Gründe für ein Zweithaus – Motivationsanalyse unter Eigentümern von Ferienhäusern an der kroatischen Küste

U radu se analizira motivacija za sekundarno stanovanje na hrvatskoj obali na temelju istraživanja na uzorku vlasnika stanova za odmor. Uvidom u domaću i stranu literaturu izdvaja se nekoliko razloga za posjedovanje druge kuće ili kuće za odmor. Među njima je najvažniji osigurati mjesto za odmor i bijeg iz gradske svakodnevice i pritiska što ga stvaraju urbani ritmovi, no osim ovoga motiva prisutni su i ekonomski motivi, koji se ostvaruju u mogućnosti novih izvora prihoda na turističkom tržištu, sigurnosti ulaganja novca u nekretninu te obnovi obiteljske baštine i vezi sa zavičajem i mjestom podrijetla. Vlasnici kuća za odmor razdijeljeni su u tri skupine po načinu stjecanja kuće: (1) oni koji su gradili kuću; (2) oni koji su kuću kupili i (3) oni koji su kuću naslijedili. Analiza motivacije usredotočena je na prve dvije skupine, zato što gradnji ili kupnji takve kuće prethodi proces odlučivanja koji se ne može izjednačiti s prihvaćanjem naslijeđene kuće. Rezultati su, osim specifičnosti procesa, potvrdili i da je fenomen "druge kuće" u Hrvatskoj dio globalnoga procesa formiranja novih životnih stilova u suvremenom društvu.The paper analyses major motivations for purchasing second homes on the Croatian coast, based on a sample of second home owners. According to literature, some reasons for purchasing second homes are emphasized. The most important motive is to provide place for both relaxation and escape from the pressures of everyday urban life. Besides, there are economic motives and also motivation for reconnecting with the place of one\u27s roots. Second home owners are divided into three groups: (1) owners who built a house, (2) owners who bought a house and (3) owners who inherited a family house. The paper analysed the first and second groups, because they represent a specific process of decision-making which is different from the one involved in the third group. The results confirmed the major tendencies of this phenomenon in Croatia as part of a broader process of forming new lifestyles in contemporary society.Aufgrund einer Umfrage unter Eigentümern von Ferienwohnungen analysieren die Verfasser in ihrer Arbeit die Motivation zum Erwerb eines Zweitdomiziles an der kroatischen Küste. Die Lektüre in- und ausländischer literarischer Quellen erlaubt die Aussonderung einiger Gründe zum Erwerb eines Zweitdomiziles oder eines Ferienhauses. Dazu gehört an erster Stelle das Bestreben, sich einen Ort zu sichern, an dem man sich erholen und dem städtischen Alltag mit seinem den Menschen unter Druck setzenden Lebensrhythmus entfliehen kann; des Weiteren gibt es wirtschaftliche Motive, die sich in neuen Erwerbsmöglichkeiten im Bereich des Fremdenverkehrs sowie in sicheren Investitionen in Immobilien realisieren; in vielen Fällen wiederum kommt es zur Erneuerung familiären Erbguts und zur Wiederannäherung an die alte Heimat. Macht man das Kriterium der Erwerbsweise geltend, teilen sich die Eigentümer von Ferienhäusern in drei Gruppen: (1) Eigentümer, die das betreffende Haus selbst erbaut haben; (2) Eigentümer, die das Haus gekauft haben; (3) Eigentümer, die das Haus geerbt haben. Die erwähnte Motivationsanalyse ist auf die ersten beiden Gruppen fokussiert, weil in diesen Fällen dem Hauserwerb eine bewusste Entscheidung vorausgeht, was nicht mit der Übernahme eines geerbten Hauses gleichzusetzen ist. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse bestätigen außer den Spezifika der Vorgänge selbst, dass das Phänomen des "Zweitdomizils" in Kroatien zum globalen Prozess der Ausbildung neuer Lebensstile in der zeitgenössischen Gesellschaft gehört

Prevalencija uporabe sredstava ovisnosti u općoj populaciji: stanje u Hrvatskoj i usporedba s drugim europskim zemljama

This paper has two primary aims: to present the data on the prevalence of licit and illicit substance use among the general population in the Republic of Croatia and to compare these prevalence rates with those from other European countries. The data on the prevalence in Croatia were gathered by empirical research on a nationally representative sample of Croatian adults aged 15-64 years (N = 4756). The data on the prevalence of licit drugs for other European countries were obtained through secondary analysis of raw data from the Special Eurobarometer 385 (tobacco) and 331 (alcohol), and the source of data on illicit drugs was the EMCDDA\u27s Statistical Bulletin 2012. The results showed that, in Croatia, last month prevalence of smoking was 37.4%, which is among the highest in Europe and above the European average (32.4%). In the month prior to the research, 60.8% of adults in Croatia drank alcohol, which is among the lower prevalence rates compared to the other European countries and also lower than the European average (70.3%). Cannabis was the most widely used illicit drug in Croatia, 15.6% of adults used it at least once in their lifetime, which is below the European average (23.7%).Ovaj rad imao je dva cilja: podastrti podatke o prevalenciji uporabe legalnih i ilegalnih sredstava ovisnosti u općoj populaciji Republike Hrvatske i usporediti te prevalencije s onima iz drugih europskih zemalja. Podaci o prevalencijama u Hrvatskoj prikupljeni su empirijskim istraživanjem na reprezentativnom uzorku odraslih između 15 i 64 godine (N = 4756). Podaci o prevalencijama uporabe legalnih sredstava ovisnosti dobiveni su sekundarnom analizom sirovih podataka iz Specijalnog Eurobarometra 385 (duhan) i 331 (alkohol), dok je izvor podataka o ilegalnim drogama bio Statistički buletin Europskog centra za praćenje droga i ovisnosti o drogama (EMCDDA) iz 2012. godine. Rezultati su pokazali da je u Hrvatskoj prevalencija pušenja cigareta u mjesecu koji je prethodio istraživanju bila 37,4%, što je među najvišima u Europi i iznad je europskoga prosjeka (32,4%). U mjesecu koji je prethodio istraživanju 60,8% odraslih u Hrvatskoj pilo je alkohol, što je među nižim prevalencijama u usporedbi s drugim europskim zemljama i ispod je europskoga prosjeka (70,3%). Kanabis je najčešća ilegalna droga u Hrvatskoj, 15,6% odraslih konzumiralo ga je barem jednom u životu, što je ispod europskoga prosjeka (23,7%)