An Examination of the Relationship Between Desistance and Attitude Towards Life Sentence Punishment Among a Sample of Incarcerated Aged-Delinquent Offenders Housed at the Louisiana State Penitentiary

This study examines the relationship between desistance and attitude towards life sentence punishment among a sample of incarcerated aged-delinquent offenders housed at the Louisiana State Penitentiary. The study utilized a cross-sectional-survey research design and a primary data source. The primary data source comes from the Louisiana State Penitentiary based on self-reported face-to-fact survey interviews initially taken May 2007 and followed by face-to-fact interviews officially obtained data over the period of a year and eight months regarding the same sample population.  Results suggested that in the Before study, using self-reported data, that human capital variables were not statistically reliable in distinguishing desistance among the sample of aged delinquents. There were only two social capital variables that were statistically reliable in distinguishing desistance among inmates. These variables were relationship with mother, which had the most predictive power regarding desistance process, followed by the who raised the inmate variable. The strongest of all variables in this study was the punishment adjustment, in particularly the psychological coping one. Further, the data suggested that inmates’ attitudes toward a life-sentence punishment were not as statistically reliable in distinguishing desistance. The After-study results showed no predictability with respect to desistance among any of the predictor variables. When comparing the desisters among the aged delinquents, juvenile lifers (younger group) desisted less than young adult lifers (older group), although no significant differences were found in the desistance rate of these aged-delinquents’ subgroups in the sample population. Keywords:Offenders, Age, Demographics, Desistance, Delinquents, Crime, Juvenile, Punishment, Incarceration, Offenders, and Justice system. DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/11-7-03 Publication date:August 31st 202

Investigating the Human Capital Accounts for a Variation in Desistance and Its Relative Impact on Desistance at the Louisiana State Penitentiary

This study investigates the human capital accounts for a variation in desistance and its relative impact on desistance at the Louisiana State Penitentiary. The study used a survey research design, binary logistic regression, and a primary data source to investigate the study. A sample size of 144 inmates were surveyed for the purposes of analysis. The primary data source comes from the Louisiana State Penitentiary based on self-reported face-to-fact survey interviews initially taken May 2007 and followed by face-to-fact interviews officially obtained data over the period of a year and eight months regarding the same sample population.  Results suggested that in the Before study, using self-reported data, that human capital variables were not statistically reliable in distinguishing desistance among the sample of aged delinquents at 5% significance level, but tend to be statistically reliable in distinguishing desistance among the sample of aged delinquents at 10% significance level. The After-study results showed no predictability with respect to desistance among any of the predictor variables. Among all the regression variables such as religion, education, past and present education, mental health, and punishment adjustment in the human capital account analysis, only punishment adjustment was statistically significant at 5% and 10% significance levels with a p-value of 0.006 (p<0.05). The study further revealed in the analysis that all the nine human capital variables, adjustment [LSAC1] was three times more likely to predict the desistance process. In other words, an aged delinquent offender who adjusts to prison is 3.12 times more likely to have a decrease in anti-social behavior than an aged delinquent who did not adjust to prison. Keywords: Desistance, Delinquents, Crime, Juvenile, Punishment, Incarceration, Human Capital, Social Capital, Sanction. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/112-15 Publication date:August 31st 202

Exploring the Social Capital Accounts for a Variation in Desistance and Its Relative Impact on Desistance at the Louisiana State Penitentiary

This study explores the social capital accounts for a variation in desistance and its relative impact on desistance at the Louisiana State Penitentiary. The study adopted a survey research design, binary logistic regression, and a primary data source with a sample of 144 respondents to explore the study. The primary data source comes from the Louisiana State Penitentiary based on self-reported face-to-fact survey interviews initially taken May 2007 and followed by face-to-fact interviews officially obtained data over the period of a year and eight months regarding the same sample population.  Results suggested that in the Before study, using self-reported data, there were only two social capital variables that were statistically reliable in distinguishing desistance among inmates. These variables were relationship with mother, which had the most predictive power regarding desistance process, followed by the who raised the inmate variable. The strongest of all variables in this study was the punishment adjustment, in particularly the psychological coping one. Keywords:Offenders, Age, Demographics, Desistance, Delinquents, Crime, Juvenile, Punishment, Incarceration, Offenders, and Justice system. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/91-03 Publication date:August 31st 202

Using Anomie Institutional Theory to Explain Crime in the ECOWAS Region: Policy Implications

This study used Anomie Institutional Theory to explain crime in the ECOWAS region to inform policy. The sample size used in this particular study considered the fifteen-member countries in the ECOWAS region. This study employed the correlational research design. The data source for all the variables came primarily from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Mortality Database, the World Development Indicators, The World Bank, UNDP, and the CIA World Factbook. The study finds that development has a significant negative relationship with homicide, this therefore indicates that homicide rates tend to be higher in nations that have younger populations, lower life expectancies, higher infant mortality rates, lower GDPs per capita, and fewer urban residents. The study found a positive significant product term for the interaction between economic participation and noneconomic participation [i.e. similar to analyses of Messner & Rosenfeld (1997); Hughes et al. (2015); Weld & Roche (2016)], indicating that the relationship between economic participation and homicide is actually exacerbated by strong noneconomic participation. This may be indicative of greater anomic pressures in societies where individuals face competing pressures to succeed in multiple institutional domains. The study recommends that Crime control in the ECOWAS region should be a collaborative effort among all stakeholders. Above all, the leadership in the region must ensure institutional balance across the ECOWAS member countries to minimize crime in the region. Keywords: Anomie, Institutions, Crime, economic, Non-economic, Time-Use, Strains, Homicide, Policy DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/12-6-10 Publication date:September 30th 202

The Impact of Personal and Service-Related Factors on the Perceived Academic Success Among College Students

In recent years, student completion of the first year and second-year college curriculum has become a significant barrier to student success and retention especially at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Despite low pass and retention rates, many degree programs in the U.S. require at least one college-level mathematics course, and the failure in this math course has contributed disproportionately to the failure to complete the first- and second-year curriculum. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictability of the relationship between selected personal, academic, and service-related factors and the perceived academic success in mathematics among college students. Specifically, this study was concerned with the predictive power of the variables gender, ethnicity, course schedules, degree program, type of instructional method, tutoring, advisement, and faculty mentoring on the perceived academic success in math among college students. The present study provides pertinent data on the significant association between personal characteristics of college students and their academic performance in mathematics. By being able to identify the personal characteristics of these college students who are not successful in math courses, the institution will be able to develop programs to assist them in enhancing their academic performance in mathematics. Also, this study enhances college administrators’ level of awareness of how student support service factors influence the academic achievement of college students in mathematics related courses. By understanding how these factors are related administrators on college campuses can develop insight into the type of service support college students will need to navigate mathematics courses, particularly at the freshman and sophomore levels

Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per degrees C in the hottest forests (&gt;32.2 degrees C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate.</p

13Th International Conference On Conservative Management Of Spinal Deformities And First Joint Meeting Of The International Research Society On Spinal Deformities And The Society On Scoliosis Orthopaedic And Rehabilitation Treatment – Sosort-Irssd 2016 Meeting

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