Mastitis, metritis, agalactia (MMA)

*<p>p<0.05 comparing trend across each CD4 count category within an age category.</p>¶<p>p<0.01 comparing trend across each CD4 count category within an age category.</p

Factors associated with higher levels of cardiovascular risk.

<p>Age is a categorical variable defined by three age categories: 16–35, 36–45 and <45 years.</p><p>CD4 count is a binary variable: ≥200 and <200 cells/mm³.</p><p>BMI was not included as a covariate in the risk factor analysis because BMI≥25 kg/m² is one of the cardiovascular risk factors.</p>*<p>HTN: hypertension.</p

Factors associated with higher levels of cardiovascular risk among patients using protease inhibitors.

<p>Age is a categorical variable defined by three age categories: 16–35, 36–45 and <45 years.</p><p>CD4 count is a binary variable: ≥200 and <200 cells/mm³.</p><p>BMI was not included as a covariate in the risk factor analysis because BMI≥25 kg/m² is one of the cardiovascular risk factors.</p>*<p>HTN: hypertension.</p

Summary of Clinical Characteristics.

<p><b><u>BP</u></b>: blood pressure. <b><u>BMI</u></b><u>:</u> body mass index. <b><u>eGFR</u></b>: estimated glomerular filtration rate. <b><u>CKD</u></b>: chronic kidney disease. <b><u>PI</u></b>: protease inhibitor. <b><u>ART:</u></b> anti-retroviral therapy.</p>§<p>The sample size was smaller for males (n = 1,471) and females (n = 2,494).</p>???<p>The sample size was smaller for males (n = 3,078) and females (n = 4,932).</p><p>*<b><u>Prehypertension</u></b> is defined as SBP 120–139 mmHg or DBP 80–89 mmHg.</p>¶<p><b><u>Hypertension</u></b> is defined as SBP≥140 mmHg or DBP≥90 mmHg. Use of anti-hypertensive medications was not routinely assessed. <b><u>Overweight/Obese</u></b> is defined as BMI≥25 kg/m².</p>±<p>Based on the following factors: SBP≥140 mmHg, DBP≥90 mmHg and BMI≥25 kg/m².</p

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Need for Data

<div><p>Background</p><p>Trends in the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in sub-Saharan Africa have not been well described, despite growing recognition of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health Archive, CINAHL, and Web of Science, and conducted reference and citation analyses. Inclusion criteria were: observational studies, studies that reported incidence or prevalence of acute myocardial infarction, studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, and studies that defined acute myocardial infarction by EKG changes or elevation of cardiac biomarkers. Studies conducted prior to 1992 were excluded. Two independent reviewers analyzed titles and abstracts, full-texts, and references and citations. These reviewers also performed quality assessment and data extraction. Quality assessment was conducted with a validated scale for observational studies.</p><p>Findings</p><p>Of 2292 records retrieved, seven studies met all inclusion criteria. These studies included a total of 92,378 participants from highly heterogeneous study populations in five different countries. Methodological quality assessment demonstrated scores ranging from 3 to 7 points (on an 8-point scale). Prevalence of acute myocardial infarction ranged from 0.1 to 10.4% among the included studies.</p><p>Interpretation</p><p>There is insufficient population-based data describing the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in sub-Saharan Africa. Well-designed registries and surveillance studies that capture the broad and diverse population with acute myocardial infarction in sub-Saharan Africa using common diagnostic criteria are critical in order to guide prevention and treatment strategies.</p><p>Registration</p><p>Registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) Database #CRD42012003161.</p></div

Figure 1

<p>Study flow diagram.</p

Prevalence of MI among study populations of included studies.

<p>Prevalence of MI among study populations of included studies.</p

Figure 1

<p>Study flow diagram.</p

Studies characteristics.

<p>*Indicates whether all subjects were screened with an objective test (EKG or cardiac biomarkers) or if screening was performed only for those patients whom the clinician felt had symptoms concerning for possible AMI.</p

Trends in publications (integer count) and citations downloaded from Web of Knowledge by year using the cardiovascular bibliometric filter.

<p>Trends in publications (integer count) and citations downloaded from <u>Web of Knowledge</u> by year using the cardiovascular bibliometric filter.</p