Baseline assessment of neuropathy in patients with upper GI cancer and age matched healthy controls.

<p>All data are presented as Mean ± SD. Symbols represent statistically significant differences</p><p>*P<0.01</p><p>$P<0.001</p><p>#P<0.0.</p><p>NSP (Neuropathy Symptom Profile), NDS (Neuropathy Disability Score), VPT (Vibration perception threshold), CST (Cold Sensation Threshold), WST (Warm Sensation Threshold), CIP (Cold Induced Pain), HIP (Heat Induced Pain), SSNCV (Sural Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity), SSNamp (Sural Sensory Nerve Amplitude), PMNCV (Peroneal Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity), PMNamp (Peroneal Motor Nerve Amplitude), NCCA (Non-Contact Corneal Aesthesiometer), CNFD (Corneal Nerve Fibre Density), CNBD (Corneal Nerve Branch Density), CNFL (Corneal Nerve Fibre Length), no. (number).</p><p>Baseline assessment of neuropathy in patients with upper GI cancer and age matched healthy controls.</p

Clinical and demographic characteristics in patients with upper GI cancer and age matched healthy controls.

<p>All data are presented as Mean ± SD. All symbols represent statistically significant differences</p><p>*P<0.01</p><p>$P<0.001</p><p>#P<0.05</p><p>Gastric (GAST), Oesophageal (OES); Gastro oesophageal junction (GOJ); Adenocarcinoma (ADENO); Squamous cell carcinomas (SQ).</p><p>Clinical and demographic characteristics in patients with upper GI cancer and age matched healthy controls.</p

Demographic characteristics and clinical findings of the patients with upper GI cancer before and after chemotherapy.

<p>All data presented as Mean ± SD</p><p>#P<0.05.</p><p>NSP (Neuropathy Symptom Profile), NDS (Neuropathy Disability Score), VPT (Vibration perception threshold), CST (Cold Sensation Threshold), WST (Warm Sensation Threshold), CIP (Cold Induced Pain), HIP (Heat Induced Pain), SSNCV (Sural Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity), SSNamp (Sural Sensory Nerve Amplitude), PMNCV (Peroneal Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity), PMNamp (Peroneal Motor Nerve Amplitude), NCCA (Non-Contact Corneal Aesthesiometer), CNFD (Corneal Nerve Fibre Density), CNBD (Corneal Nerve Branch Density), CNFL (Corneal Nerve Fibre Length), no. (number).</p><p>Demographic characteristics and clinical findings of the patients with upper GI cancer before and after chemotherapy.</p

Receiver-operated characteristic (ROC) curves, based on the analysis of CNFD and IENFD in T1DM without DSPN versus with DSPN.

<p>Black line represents CNFD and red line represents IENFD.</p

Spearman’s rank correlation of CNFD, CNBD, CNFL and IENFD versus NDS, McGill VAS, NSP, IENFD, thermal thresholds, VPT and nerve conduction studies.

<p>Spearman’s rank correlation of CNFD, CNBD, CNFL and IENFD versus NDS, McGill VAS, NSP, IENFD, thermal thresholds, VPT and nerve conduction studies.</p

Participant demographics and metabolic parameters in control subjects and diabetic patients without (T1DM) and with (DSPN) neuropathy, with statistically significant differences between groups.

<p>Participant demographics and metabolic parameters in control subjects and diabetic patients without (T1DM) and with (DSPN) neuropathy, with statistically significant differences between groups.</p

Small and large fibre tests of nerve structure and function in control subjects and diabetic patients without (T1DM) and with (DSPN) neuropathy, with statistically significant differences between groups.

<p>Small and large fibre tests of nerve structure and function in control subjects and diabetic patients without (T1DM) and with (DSPN) neuropathy, with statistically significant differences between groups.</p

ROC analysis with area under the curve, optimal cut off and respective sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence interval in T1DM without DSPN versus DSPN for CNFD, CNBD, CNFL, IENFD, VPT, CST and WST.

<p>ROC analysis with area under the curve, optimal cut off and respective sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence interval in T1DM without DSPN versus DSPN for CNFD, CNBD, CNFL, IENFD, VPT, CST and WST.</p

Demographic and neurological assessment in Healthy Controls (HC) compared to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and also subdivided into those with CIS, RRMS and SPMS.

<p>Demographic and neurological assessment in Healthy Controls (HC) compared to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and also subdivided into those with CIS, RRMS and SPMS.</p

Progressive loss of corneal nerve fibers is associated with physical inactivity and glucose lowering medication associated with weight gain in type 2 diabetes

Aims/introduction: Limited studies have identified risk factors linked to the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes. This study examined the association of risk factors with change in neuropathy measures over 2 years. Materials and methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes (n = 78) and controls (n = 26) underwent assessment of clinical and metabolic parameters and neuropathy using corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), vibration perception threshold (VPT), and the DN4 questionnaire at baseline and 2 year follow-up. Results: Participants with type 2 diabetes had a lower corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), branch density (CNBD), and fiber length (CNFL) (P ≤ 0.0001) and a higher VPT (P ≤ 0.01) compared with controls. Over 2 years, despite a modest reduction in HbA1c (P ≤ 0.001), body weight (P ≤ 0.05), and LDL (P ≤ 0.05) the prevalence of DPN (P = 0.28) and painful DPN (P = 0.21) did not change, but there was a significant further reduction in CNBD (P ≤ 0.0001) and CNFL (P ≤ 0.05). CNFD, CNBD, and CNFL decreased significantly in physically inactive subjects (P Conclusions: In participants with type 2 diabetes, despite a modest improvement in HbA1c, body weight, and LDL there was a progressive loss of corneal nerve fibers; except in those who were physically active or on glucose lowering medication associated with weight loss.</p