High-energy lasers: principles, types, indications in periodontial practices

Investigations in the area of laser application in dental practices date back to 1964. Shortly after lasers came to being, they were introduced both in medicine and in dental medicine where they were successfully used for the diagnostics and treatment of a number of diseases. The current literature review presents the nature and properties of lasers and laser beams. Their biological and healing action is discussed. The most common lasers that are employed in dental practices are indicated. The accent is on high-energy lasers used in operative dentistry and periodontology, namely the Er:Cr:YSGG и Er:YAG lasers, and their emission characteristics. The focus in this literature review is on laser application in periodontal practices. The properties and indications of the most frequently applied lasers are indicated and their advantages are outlined. The latter are due to their specific biological and therapeutic effects both on healthy and on pathologically altered periodontal tissues.The paper also comprises clinical reports by renowned experts in periodontology about laser application in the treatment of different periodontial diseases. Twenty-seven articles are cited.Scripta Scientifica Medica 2011;43(2): 87-9

Cohesin-dependence of neuronal gene expression relates to chromatin loop length

Cohesin and CTCF are major drivers of 3D genome organization, but their role in neurons is still emerging. Here, we show a prominent role for cohesin in the expression of genes that facilitate neuronal maturation and homeostasis. Unexpectedly, we observed two major classes of activity-regulated genes with distinct reliance on cohesin in mouse primary cortical neurons. Immediate early genes (IEGs) remained fully inducible by KCl and BDNF, and short-range enhancer-promoter contacts at the IEGs Fos formed robustly in the absence of cohesin. In contrast, cohesin was required for full expression of a subset of secondary response genes characterized by long-range chromatin contacts. Cohesin-dependence of constitutive neuronal genes with key functions in synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter signaling also scaled with chromatin loop length. Our data demonstrate that key genes required for the maturation and activation of primary cortical neurons depend on cohesin for their full expression, and that the degree to which these genes rely on cohesin scales with the genomic distance traversed by their chromatin contacts. Editor'

Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 patients to add either sitagliptin or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all patients. To determine whether sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, there was a small difference in glycated hemoglobin levels (least-squares mean difference for sitagliptin vs. placebo, -0.29 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.32 to -0.27). Overall, the primary outcome occurred in 839 patients in the sitagliptin group (11.4%; 4.06 per 100 person-years) and 851 patients in the placebo group (11.6%; 4.17 per 100 person-years). Sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.09; P<0.001). Rates of hospitalization for heart failure did not differ between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.20; P = 0.98). There were no significant between-group differences in rates of acute pancreatitis (P = 0.07) or pancreatic cancer (P = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, adding sitagliptin to usual care did not appear to increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, or other adverse events

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRESS-COPYING STRATEGIES USED BY NURSE STUDENTS

Stress in modern society represents a socially significant problem. Students face new roles as well as a stronger physical and psychical loading. The purpose of this communication is to examine ‘the opinion of the first-and second-year students of the speciality of ‘nurse`concerning the effectiveness of the strategies used by them to copy stress during their education in the medical University of Varna. Both literature sources and questionnaire data were analyzed. In April-June, 2012, the direct anonymous group inquiry covered 34 first-and second-year students of the speciality of ‘nurse` in the medical University of Varna. The nurse students applied different stress-copying strategies such as time management, psycho-relaxation techniques, maintenance and improvement of the social support sys- tems, etc. However, they experienced physical and psychic discomfort of different nature. It was concluded that provision to the students of well-minded meaningful programmes for helping stress identifying and revealing of effective stress-managing strategies is an important precondition for the solution of the problem. In this way, future nurses will build-up the necessary stress-copying competences not only within the university but also in their pro- fessional activity thus being useful for their own health and for their patients` health as well

X-ray structures, solid state periodic DFT modeling and vibrational study of alkylenediammonium hexachlorostannates compounds NH3(CH2)nNH3SnCl6 (n = 3, 4, 5)

International audienc

Electroless deposition of Ni-Sn-P and Ni-Sn-Cu-P coatings

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Доклади от научната сесия 70 години Медицински колеж-Варна 5 Октомври 2012

Варненски медицински форум (Varna Medical Forum) V. 1, No 1 (2012

Additional datasets from 'A chemosynthetic weed: the tubeworm Sclerolinum contortum is a bipolar, cosmopolitan species' BMC Evolutionary Biology

<p>Specimen occurrence in DarwinCore format</p> <p>Siboglinidae COI, 18S and 16S combined alignment in nexus format</p> <p>Sclerolinum COI alignment in nexus format</p