1,702 research outputs found
Potential Heterotrophy In A Natural Population Of Oscillatoria Agardhii Var. Isothrix Skuja
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109774/1/lno19721750704.pd
Journal of Fishing Voyage, Fishing Boat Nile, 1857
Journal for the boat Nile, a cod fishing vessel out of Kennebunkport (Me.) whose master was Captain George W. Saunders. The log records a Fishing voyage to the “inshore Banks,” with mention of Cape Porpoise (Me.) and White Island (Me.). Includes much reference to weather conditions and regular accounts of catch for individual crew members
Marshall University Music Department Presents the Marshall University BRASS ENSEMBLES Tubonium and Trumpet Ensembles, featuring, students from the studios of, Dr. George Palton and Dr. Martin Saunders
https://mds.marshall.edu/music_perf/1557/thumbnail.jp
Marshall University Music Department Presents the Brass Ensembles, featuring students of Dr. Martin Saunders, trumpet, Dr. Stephen Lawson, horn, Dr. Michael Stroeher, trombone, Dr. George Palton, tuba
https://mds.marshall.edu/music_perf/1416/thumbnail.jp
Marshall University Music Department Presents the Brass Ensembles, Students of Dr. Steven Lawson, Dr. Michael Stroeher, Dr. George Palton, & Dr. Martin Saunders
https://mds.marshall.edu/music_perf/1466/thumbnail.jp
Marshall University Music Department Presents the MU Faculty Brass Quintet, Martin Saunders, trumpet, Briana Blankenship, trumpet, Stephen Lawson, horn, Michael Stroeher, trombone, George Palton, tuba
https://mds.marshall.edu/music_perf/1348/thumbnail.jp
Marshall University Music Department Presents the Faculty Brass Quintet
https://mds.marshall.edu/music_perf/1573/thumbnail.jp
Marshall University Music Department Presents the MU Faculty Brass Quintet, Martin Saunders, trumpet, Steven Trinkle, trumpet, Stephen Lawson, horn, Michael Stroeher, trombone, George Palton, tuba
https://mds.marshall.edu/music_perf/1671/thumbnail.jp
Tumor cell invasion of collagen matrices requires coordinate lipid agonist-induced G-protein and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1-dependent signaling
BACKGROUND: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are bioactive lipid signaling molecules implicated in tumor dissemination. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MT1-MMP) is a membrane-tethered collagenase thought to be involved in tumor invasion via extracellular matrix degradation. In this study, we investigated the molecular requirements for LPA- and S1P-regulated tumor cell migration in two dimensions (2D) and invasion of three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices and, in particular, evaluated the role of MT1-MMP in this process. RESULTS: LPA stimulated while S1P inhibited migration of most tumor lines in Boyden chamber assays. Conversely, HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells migrated in response to both lipids. HT1080 cells also markedly invaded 3D collagen matrices (~700 μm over 48 hours) in response to either lipid. siRNA targeting of LPA(1 )and Rac1, or S1P(1), Rac1, and Cdc42 specifically inhibited LPA- or S1P-induced HT1080 invasion, respectively. Analysis of LPA-induced HT1080 motility on 2D substrates vs. 3D matrices revealed that synthetic MMP inhibitors markedly reduced the distance (~125 μm vs. ~45 μm) and velocity of invasion (~0.09 μm/min vs. ~0.03 μm/min) only when cells navigated 3D matrices signifying a role for MMPs exclusively in invasion. Additionally, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-2, -3, and -4, but not TIMP-1, blocked lipid agonist-induced invasion indicating a role for membrane-type (MT)-MMPs. Furthermore, MT1-MMP expression in several tumor lines directly correlated with LPA-induced invasion. HEK293s, which neither express MT1-MMP nor invade in the presence of LPA, were transfected with MT1-MMP cDNA, and subsequently invaded in response to LPA. When HT1080 cells were seeded on top of or within collagen matrices, siRNA targeting of MT1-MMP, but not other MMPs, inhibited lipid agonist-induced invasion establishing a requisite role for MT1-MMP in this process. CONCLUSION: LPA is a fundamental regulator of MT1-MMP-dependent tumor cell invasion of 3D collagen matrices. In contrast, S1P appears to act as an inhibitory stimulus in most cases, while stimulating only select tumor lines. MT1-MMP is required only when tumor cells navigate 3D barriers and not when cells migrate on 2D substrata. We demonstrate that tumor cells require coordinate regulation of LPA/S1P receptors and Rho GTPases to migrate, and additionally, require MT1-MMP in order to invade collagen matrices during neoplastic progression
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