Rising suns, fallen forts, and impudent immigrants: Race, power, and war in the Lower Mississippi Valley.

Their assumption became untenable when hundreds of Europeans and their African slaves moved into Natchez country. The resultant web of Indian, French, and African communities created a unique matrix for the production of a new racial category: red men. The plantation system of the 1720s gave the Natchez and neighboring groups opportunities to see the Europeans dominate Africans, a permanent underclass identifiable by skin color. The colonists also attempted to marginalize the Indians as "racial inferiors". In response, Natchez leaders appealed to a shared identity as red men to quell their internecine rivalries and forge an anti-French coalition among their villages.During the 1720s, colonial observers recorded Southeastern Indians using the term "red men" to distinguish themselves from the "whites" and "blacks" from overseas. The Natchez embraced this red identity, using it to unite factions within their nation and then employed the solidarity that it created to eject the French from their homeland. This dissertation reconstructs the ways that Native Americans in the Lower Mississippi Valley co-opted the European discourse of racial categories and shaped it to achieve their own ends.In 1729, the Natchez struck, destroying the newcomers' farms and forts. The Indians' success was transitory; the French counterattacked, killing or enslaving hundreds. Because of persistent attempts to exterminate the remaining Natchez, France alienated many of the Southeast's Indian nations. Weakened diplomatically, the French could no longer resist their British adversaries and lost their colonies in North America. The legacy of redness, however, survives to this day.This chain of events began when Indians and Europeans assumed that the other would fit handily into their respective social orders. To the French, the Natchez's temples and hereditary leadership resembled the ancient civilizations of the Old World, ripe for conversion. To the Natchez, the first Frenchmen who arrived in the 1680s often looked and acted like Native Americans. The handful of Europeans who followed frequently joined Natchez kinship networks and rendered service to native political leaders. The Europeans' willingness to adapt culturally lulled the Natchez into believing that the French were candidates for assimilation

Alien Registration- Milne, George M. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/21692/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Milne, George M. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/21692/thumbnail.jp

Evaluation of approaches to control of Maedi-Visna disease of sheep using a Markov chain simulation model for a range of typical British Flocks

An epidemiological model is described that closely mimicked results of a published serological study of natural transmission of Maedi-Visna virus in a low ground flock of sheep. We adjusted parameters in the model from this baseline to explore the possible implications for the control of Maedi-Visna virus in typical British flocks. On closed hill farms, low probability of effective contact was most critical for control. In open low ground flocks, purchasing accredited replacements eliminated disease spread, otherwise flock size was the most important factor governing flock prevalence. Results highlighted the need for more epidemiological information about Maedi-Visna, particularly whether hill farms act as a hidden reservoir of virus or reduce the impact of this disease on the industry by providing a source of clean replacementsLivestock Production/Industries, Maedi-Visna, Model, Markov Chain, Sheep, Control,

Reviews

Integrating Information Technology into Education edited by Deryn Watson and David Tinsley, London, Chapman & Hall, 1995, ISBN: 0–412–62250–5, 316 pages

Aspects of the geology and geochemistry of the proterozoic rocks of the Valley of a Thousand Hills, KwaZulu-Natal.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1999.A regional field and geochemical study has allowed the identification of three primary units within the Proterozoic basement of the Valley of a Thousand Hills. The Nagle Dam Formation incorporates several chemically distinct orthogneiss series, characterised by limited intragroup fractionation, and derived from discrete sources. Intrusive into the gneisses are the megacrystic A-type granites of the Mgeni batholith, comprising the biotite granites of the Ximba Suite; the hornblende granites and charnockite of the Mlahlanja Suite; and the medium grained leucogranite of the Nqwadolo Suite. Petrogenetic modelling indicates that these are predominately cumulates. A general model for the A-type granites suggests that they were derived through variable MASH processes on an original within plate type basalt. Enclaves within the Mgeni batholith form a distinct series, the Valley Trust Formation, comprising a nongenetic orthogneiss association of amphibolite and crustal sourced quartzo-feldspathic gneiss and locally derived paragneisses. Interaction between the biotite granite and the pelitic enclaves generated a biotite garnet granite. Geothermobarometry suggests temperatures of metamorphism to a maximum of 770°c for the Nagle Dam Formation and c.850°C at a pressure of 6 kb for the Valley Trust Formation. Potential magmatic temperatures of c.760°C at 5 kb are derived for the Mgeni batholith. High Mn garnets within late veins indicate subsequent intrusion at higher levels. Derivation of a tectonic model for the Valley of a Thousand Hills is assisted by a revaluation of the chemical tectonic discrimination plots as source or initiator discriminators. These indicate an origin for the Nagle Dam Formation in an arc environment, while the bimodal orthogneiss association of the Valley Trust Formation and the A-type character of the Mgeni batholith suggests their evolution during extensional events. Geothermobarometry defines an isothermal decompression path, possibly generated during a collision event, superimposed on which is a potential midcrustal heating event, resultant on the intrusion of the Mgeni batholith. These data can be integrated with revised lithotectonic data from the southern portion of the Natal Province to derive a regional model. This comprises: the collision of a number of arcs with associated splitting to form backarcs, sedimentation, and failed rift systems; syn-collisional S-type magmatism, contemporaneous with isothermal decompression of the region; and a series of pulses of post-orogenic granites

Property Verification within a Process Algebra Framework

We present a methodology for the automatic verification of concurrent systems by using the constraint-based modelling style available within the Circal process algebra: the behaviour of a process may be constrained simply by composing it with another process which represents the constraints. A property of a system is characterized by a Circal process, which can be either a translation of a formula described using the temporal logic SAUB or the specification of a well-known model that satisfies the property. This methodology is automated by the Circal System and has been applied to the verification of communication protocols