Entanglement and Disentanglement in Circuit QED Architectures

We propose a protocol for creating entanglement within a dissipative circuit QED network architecture that consists of two electromagnetic circuits (cavities) and two superconducting qubits. The system interacts with a quantum environment, giving rise to decoherence and dissipation. We discuss the preparation of two separate entangled cavity-qubit states via Landau-Zener sweeps, after which the cavities interact via a tunable "quantum switch" which is realized with an ancilla qubit. Moreover, we discuss the decay of the resulting entangled two-cavity state due to the influence of the environment, where we focus on the entanglement decay.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Nonequilibrium phases in hybrid arrays with flux qubits and NV centers

We propose a startling hybrid quantum architecture for simulating a localization-delocalization transition. The concept is based on an array of superconducting flux qubits which are coupled to a diamond crystal containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. The underlying description is a Jaynes-Cummings-lattice in the strong-coupling regime. However, in contrast to well-studied coupled cavity arrays the interaction between lattice sites is mediated here by the qubit rather than by the oscillator degrees of freedom. Nevertheless, we point out that a transition between a localized and a delocalized phase occurs in this system as well. We demonstrate the possibility of monitoring this transition in a non-equilibrium scenario, including decoherence effects. The proposed scheme allows the monitoring of localization-delocalization transitions in Jaynes-Cummings-lattices by use of currently available experimental technology. Contrary to cavity-coupled lattices, our proposed recourse to stylized qubit networks facilitates (i) to investigate localization-delocalization transitions in arbitrary dimensions and (ii) to tune the inter-site coupling in-situ.Comment: Version to be published in Phys. Rev.

Time-Resolved Measurement of a Charge Qubit

We propose a scheme for monitoring coherent quantum dynamics with good time-resolution and low backaction, which relies on the response of the considered quantum system to high-frequency ac driving. An approximate analytical solution of the corresponding quantum master equation reveals that the phase of an outgoing signal, which can directly be measured in an experiment with lock-in technique, is proportional to the expectation value of a particular system observable. This result is corroborated by the numerical solution of the master equation for a charge qubit realized with a Cooper-pair box, where we focus on monitoring coherent oscillations.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Monitoring Entanglement Evolution and Collective Quantum Dynamics

We generalize a recently developed scheme for monitoring coherent quantum dynamics with good time-resolution and low backaction [Reuther et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 033602 (2009)] to the case of more complex quantum dynamics of one or several qubits. The underlying idea is to measure with lock-in techniques the response of the quantum system to a high-frequency ac field. We demonstrate that this scheme also allows one to observe quantum dynamics with many frequency scales, such as that of a qubit undergoing Landau-Zener transitions. Moreover, we propose how to measure the entanglement between two qubits as well as the collective dynamics of qubit arrays.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Two-resonator circuit QED: Dissipative Theory

We present a theoretical treatment for the dissipative two-resonator circuit quantum electrodynamics setup referred to as quantum switch. There, switchable coupling between two superconducting resonators is mediated by a superconducting qubit operating in the dispersive regime, where the qubit transition frequency is far detuned from those of the resonators. We derive an effective Hamiltonian for the quantum switch beyond the rotating wave approximation and study the dissipative dynamics within a Bloch-Redfield quantum master equation approach. We derive analytically how the qubit affects the quantum switch even if the qubit has no dynamics, and we estimate the strength of this influence. The analytical results are corroborated by numerical calculations, where coherent oscillations between the resonators, the decay of coherent and Fock states, and the decay of resonator-resonator entanglement are studied. Finally, we suggest an experimental protocol for extracting the damping constants of qubit and resonators by measuring the quadratures of the resonator fields.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure

Non-Markovian qubit decoherence during dispersive readout

We study qubit decoherence under generalized dispersive readout, i.e., we investigate a qubit coupled to a resonantly driven dissipative harmonic oscillator. We provide a complete picture by allowing for arbitrarily large qubit-oscillator detuning and by considering also a coupling to the square of the oscillator coordinate, which is relevant for flux qubits. Analytical results for the decoherence time are obtained by a transformation of the qubit-oscillator Hamiltonian to the dispersive frame and a subsequent master equation treatment beyond the Markov limit. We predict a crossover from Markovian decay to a decay with Gaussian shape. Our results are corroborated by the numerical solution of the full qubit-oscillator master equation in the original frame.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Qubit-oscillator dynamics in the dispersive regime: Analytical theory beyond the rotating-wave approximation

We generalize the dispersive theory of the Jaynes-Cummings model beyond the frequently employed rotating-wave approximation (RWA) in the coupling between the two-level system and the resonator. For a detuning sufficiently larger than the qubit-oscillator coupling, we diagonalize the non-RWA Hamiltonian and discuss the differences to the known RWA results. Our results extend the regime in which dispersive qubit readout is possible. If several qubits are coupled to one resonator, an effective qubit-qubit interaction of Ising type emerges, whereas RWA leads to isotropic interaction. This impacts on the entanglement characteristics of the qubits.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur