Percentage of snails infected with 1–9 genotypes of schistosome parasites from this study and previous studies (n indicates snail sample size).

<p>Kenya SM refers to <i>S. mansoni</i> and Kenya SR to <i>S. rodhaini</i> from this study.</p

Minimum evolution tree of several specimens of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> and <i>S. rodhaini</i> based on 512 bp of mitochondrial DNA including part of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, all of thetRNA-Cys gene, and part of the 12S ribosomal RNA gene.

<p>Uncorrected p-distance is given for scale.</p

Total adults recovered of 3 genotypes of <i>S. rodhaini</i> (R1-R3) and 1 genotype of <i>S. mansoni</i> (M1) that emerged from the same snail during 4 time intervals.

<p>Total adults recovered of 3 genotypes of <i>S. rodhaini</i> (R1-R3) and 1 genotype of <i>S. mansoni</i> (M1) that emerged from the same snail during 4 time intervals.</p

Population assignment graph of <i>S. mansoni</i> and <i>S. rodhaini</i> based on 7 microsatellite markers.

<p>The dot plot indicates the log-likelihood (absolute value) that each individual belongs to either species. The lower the log likelihood value, the more likely the individual belongs to that species.</p

The number of snails infected with <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (SM), <i>Schistosoma rodhaini</i> (SR), unidentified mammalian schistosomes (US), and total schistosomes (TS) at various sites in the Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya.

<p>The total number of snails collected, prevalence of schistosome infection (P), and prevalence of confirmed <i>S. mansoni</i> (SM P) and <i>S. rodhaini</i> (SR P) infections are given for each site. Prevalence for each species was also adjusted as denoted by an asterisk to accommodate unidentified schistosomes by multiplying the prevalence of schistosomes by the percentage of identified schistosomes for each species.</p

Collection sites for snails of the genus <i>Biomphalaria</i> and their schistosome parasites in Western Kenya.

<p>Global Positioning System coordinates are projected in North American Datum 1983 decimal degrees.</p

Results of the Fisher's Exact tests to determine if the proportions of genotypes of <i>S. mansoni</i> released from snails are consistent over timed replicates.

<p>P indicates the probability of significance, n indicates the number of worms sampled, R is the number of replicates tested, and G is the number of genotypes present in a snail. Mode indicates whether the proportions remained constant over replicates, followed a replacement pattern, or was variable.</p

Four replicates of circadian emergence of cercariae from a snail infected with 3 genotypes of <i>S. rodhaini</i> and 1 genotype of <i>S. mansoni</i>.

<p>Time units are hourly units beginning with 0:00–1:00 hours.</p

Prevalence (percent of snails infected) of <i>S. rodhaini</i> (top) and <i>S. mansoni</i> (bottom) at various sites in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya over a 2 year period.

<p>Blank spaces indicate that either snails were not present or no collections were made.</p

Circadian emergence of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> and <i>Schistosoma rodhaini</i> cercariae from naturally infected snails from the Lake Victoria region of Kenya.

<p>The mean and standard error are given based on 226 emergence profiles of <i>S. mansoni</i> and 27 for <i>S. rodhaini</i>. Light intensity is represented by the mean of all trials. Time units are hourly units beginning with 0:00–1:00 hours.</p