20 research outputs found
Photodynamic Effect of Hypericin on the Conformation and Catalytic Activity of Hemoglobin
Hypericin, extracted from H. perforatum, can induce the generation of reactive oxygen species by visible light irradiation, which may consequently induce the conformational change of hemoglobin. We have not only employed UV-vis spectroscopy to observe the changes of UV-vis spectra of the protein, which reveals the conformational changes of the protein, but also employed electrochemical method to obtain its enhanced peroxidase activity. The photodynamic effect of hypericin on the conformation and catalytic activity of the protein has also been proven to be strongly dependent on the irradiation time, the hypericin concentration and the presence of oxygen. This work is beneficial not only to the fabrication of more sensitive hydrogen peroxide biosensor, but also to the guidance of the usage of this medicinal herb molecule, since the conformational change of the protein and the enhanced peroxidase can be easily obtained only by visible light irradiation on hypericin, the process of which is so common to happen
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Co3O4 nanoparticles were prepared from cobalt nitrate that was accommodated in the pores of a metal-organic framework (MOF) ZIF-8 (Zn(MeIM)2, MeIM = 2-methylimidazole) by using a simple liquid-phase method. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the obtained Co3O4 was composed of separate nanoparticles with a mean size of 30 nm. The obtained Co3O4 nanoparticles exhibited superior electrochemical property. Co3O4 electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 189.1 F g−1 at the specific current of 0.2 A g−1. Meanwhile, the Co3O4 electrode possessed the high specific capacitance retention ratio at the current density ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 A g−1, thereby indicating that Co3O4 electrode suited high-rate charge/discharge
Self-Catalyzed Assembly of Peptide Scaffolded Nanozyme as a Dynamic Biosensing System
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Electrochemical Detection and Distribution Analysis of β‑Catenin for the Evaluation of Invasion and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Pro-metastatic cell signaling controls
the switch to distant metastasis
and the final cancer death. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this
death switch is turned on by the multiprotein interactions of β-catenin
with many transcription factors, so a method to assay the bioactivity
of β-catenin to participate in these pro-metastatic protein/protein
interactions has been proposed in this work. This method employs cost-effective
peptide-based protein targeting ligands, while the electrochemical
catalytic cross-linking in this method also “finalize”
the noncovalent molecular recognition, so that the robustness can
be improved to enable detection of relatively more complex biosamples.
In studying clinical samples with the proposed method, the cellular
distribution and overall expression of β-catenin show a parallel
with the pathological grade of the sample, particularly, nuclear translocation.
The pro-metastatic activation of β-catenin can also be observed
as evidently correlated with higher-grade cases, suggesting the active
role of β-catenin in promoting metastasis. According to these
results, the proposed method may have the prospective use as a prognostic
tool for evaluating the potential of invasion and metastasis in cancer
Assembly of Selective Biomimetic Surface on an Electrode Surface: A Design of Nano–Bio Interface for Biosensing
In nature, cellular
molecule sensing is usually achieved at the
environment/membrane interface. In the meantime, rapid growth of nanotechnology
is increasingly pushing engineered nanomaterials to interact with
biological surfaces. Herein, inspired by trans-membrane signal transduction,
a nano–bio interface has been constructed in this work for
biosensing application. The interface is formed between a selective
biomembrane mimetic surface (SBMMS) and a function-oriented 2D nanohybrid.
Based on the design, target recognition can be performed in a biologically
favorable environment, and the nano–bio interaction can be
transduced into amplified electrochemical readouts. Furthermore, this
sensing platform can be used to analyze various kinds of targets,
including proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, just by changing
the biorecognition element. Low detection limits and wide detection
ranges can also be obtained. So, this nano–bio interface may
provide a new platform for bioanalytical research in the future
RNA Sequencing Analysis of Chicken Cecum Tissues Following Eimeria tenella Infection in Vivo
Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) is one of the most frequent and pathogenic species of protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria that exclusively occupies the cecum, exerting a high economic impact on the poultry industry. To investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cecal tissue of Jinghai yellow chickens infected with E. tenella, the molecular response process, and the immune response mechanism during coccidial infection, RNA-seq was used to analyze the cecal tissues of an E. tenella infection group (JS) and an uninfected group (JC) on the seventh day post-infection. The DEGs were screened by functional and pathway enrichment analyses. The results indicated that there were 5477 DEGs (p-value < 0.05) between the JS and the JC groups, of which 2942 were upregulated, and 2535 were downregulated. GO analysis indicated that the top 30 significantly enriched GO terms mainly involved signal transduction, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and blood vessel development. KEGG analysis revealed that the top significantly enriched signaling pathways included focal adhesion, extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The key DEGs in these pathways included ANGPTL4, ACSL5, VEGFC, MAPK10, and CD44. These genes play an important role in the infection of E. tenella. This study further enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanism of E. tenella infection in chickens
Protein Detection Based on Small Molecule-Linked DNA
Based on small molecule-linked DNA and the nicking endonuclease-assisted
amplification (NEA) strategy, a novel electrochemical method for protein
detection is proposed in this work. Specifically, the small molecule-linked
DNA (probe 1) can be protected from exonuclease-catalyzed digestion
upon binding to the protein target of the small molecule, so the DNA
strand may hybridize with another DNA strand (probe 2) that is previously
immobilized onto an electrode surface. Consequently, the NEA process
is triggered, resulting in continuous removal of the DNA strands from
the electrode surface, and the blocking effect against the electrochemical
species [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3–/4–</sup> becomes
increasingly lower; thus, increased electrochemical waves can be achieved.
Because the whole process is activated by the target protein, an electrochemical
method for protein quantification is developed. Taking folate receptor
(FR) as an example in this work, we can determine the protein in a
linear range from 0.3 to 15 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.19 ng/mL.
Furthermore, because the method can be used for the assay of FR in
serum samples and for the detection of other proteins such as streptavidin
by simply changing the small molecule moiety of the DNA probes, this
novel method is expected to have great potential applications in the
future
Evaluating Tumor-Associated Activity of Extracellular Sulfatase by Analyzing Naturally Occurring Substrate in Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
The
progress of cancer is intimately connected with the activity
of the extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes. To evaluate the promoting
effect of these enzymes on tumor development in a pathological biocontext,
we propose in this work to analyze their natural substrates in the
ECM. This strategy is demonstrated by studying heparan sulfate (HS),
the substrate of ECM sulfatase, in the development of hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). An assay is designed to study the abundance and sulfation
of HS and to evaluate the interactions between HS and the growth factors,
such as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Peptides derived from the
amyloid peptide and various growth factors are employed to detect
HS and evaluate their affinity toward the growth factors, whereas
the ruthenium polypyridyl complex is taken as a photocatalyst to achieve
a more sensitive signal readout. Applying this method to HepG2 cells,
correlated changes between the activity of sulfatase 2 in regulating
FGF2-induced cell proliferation and the abundance, degree of sulfation,
and growth factor binding of HS can be observed. This method has also
been applied to analyze clinical tissue samples of HCC. The results
may suggest tumor-progress-related alterations in the above-studied
biochemical features of HS. These results may point to the prospect
of using this method to facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis of
HCC in the future