Multiple synchronous primary malignancies induced by benzene exposure: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chronic exposure to high concentrations of benzene is usually associated with the development of haematological diseases. However, solid tumors induced by benzene exposure are less frequent.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present an unusual case of triple synchronous primary malignancies most likely induced by occupational benzene exposure in a male patient. This spray painter was diagnosed as chronic aplastic anemia in his 21 years old after exposing to high concentration of benzene for three years. Then he was treated with glucocorticoid for four years. 40 years later, this patient developed three synchronous primary neoplasms with three different histologies including a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the gum.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This case reminds us that the occurrence of solid tumors should be monitored in workers with occupational history linked with a high concentration exposure to benzene, though it's rarely happened.</p

Volumetric Efficiency Improvement by Overflow in Rolling Piston Compressor

The rotary compressor with rolling piston is a widely used compressor with less clearance volume, while it is minimized from normal scale to meso or micro scale, the input and exit ports dimension is limited by port requirement and lead to a certain clearance volume, therefore, keeping or improving its volume efficiency is an important issue. Although rolling piston compressor is a kind of compact structure compressor, the existence of the clearance volume is inevitable in a compressor, the more the clearance volume, the lower the volumetric efficiency of compressor. The overflow is a method to improve the volumetric efficiency of a compressor which had been discussed in wankel compressor, in the overflowing process the clearance space with high pressure is connected directly with the space with lower pressure, mostly that is in the moment, one of the chambers in the rotary compressor is at the end of the exhaust process, and another chamber is at the sucking stage or the initial compression process. The gas pressure in the clearance volume is visibly higher than that in the compression chamber. The high-pressure gas in the clearance volume flows into the compression cylinder via a certain way; this flow considerably increases the pressure in the compression cylinder and decreases the pressure in the clearance volume. Thus, the intake and exhaust times means to be extended, and the volumetric efficiency and the cooling capacity of the compressor can be substantially enhanced. In this paper, we introduce the effect of input and exit dimensions on the volume efficiency of rolling piston compressor, and the overflow design on a rolling piston compressor that fully uses the high-pressure gas in the clearance volume, and discuss its effect on the performance of a compressor by theoretical analyses. Usually, the coefficient of performance of a vapor refrigeration cycle with the compressor overflow has a certain decrease compared with the conventional compressor, but the volumetric efficiency of the compressor with overflow and the cooling capacity of the thermodynamic cycle recesses are visibly higher than those of the conventional compressor in terms of the same operation and dimension parameters. The overflow has beneficial effect on miniaturizing the compresso

Characteristic Compounds Identification and Authenticity Evaluation of Heptapleurum Honey

In order to clarify the characteristic compounds and establish the authenticity evaluation method of heptapleurum honey, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS) was used to qualitative and quantitative analysis of characteristic compounds in heptapleurum honey. Five compounds were identified including 4-(1'-cyclodiethyl ether-3'-butanediol)-3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone (Unedone B), 3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamyl alcohol, 4-(1'2'-dihydroxy-3'epoxypropane) -3,5,5-2-cyclohexenone (Unedone C), trans, trans abscisic acid, and cis, trans abscisic acid. Notably, 3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamyl alcohol was first found in honey, and it could be a marker of heptapleurum honey. Moreover, 10 raw heptapleurum honey samples with different geographic origins were collected to establish HPLC fingerprint. The authenticity of six commercial heptapleurum honey samples were evaluated by combining characteristic compound with HPLC fingerprint. The results demonstrated that three brands of sample were genuine pure heptapleurum honey, two brands of sample might be mixed with other honeys. A brand sample did not contain characteristic compound and were significantly different with the standard fingerprints of heptapleurum honey. It was inferred that the sample was not heptapleurum honey. This study provides theoretical reference for the authenticity evaluation of heptapleurum honey

34. 上肢のentrapment neuropathy手術例について(第520回千葉医学会例会 整形外科例会)

<p>No.8 nozzle assembly; flow rate 15 L/s; ambient pressure 30 MPa; ambient temperature = jet temperature = 373 K. In cross sections, dimensionless radius is the distance from the inner wall to the measure point divided by the total length between inner and outer wall. The tangential velocity has large gradients near both sides of inner and outer walls.</p

Vibration model and frequency characteristics of the piezoelectric transducer in airflow-induced acoustic generator

Piezoelectric transducers, which convert airflow induced vibrational energy into electrical energy, can be applied to self-powered supply and auxiliary power supply for various aircraft electronic systems. Micro-ringtone airflow piezoelectric generator, designed by the principle of airflow induced acoustic, is one kind among them. The vibrating piezoelectric generator, is usually mounted on the aircraft during the flight. The incoming airflow produces hydrodynamic acoustic source, which is the vibration source of the piezoelectric generator, actively vibrates the piezoelectric plate to convert energy. According to the vibration theory, a one-dimensional vibration model of piezoelectric generator with fixed peripheral pressure, under hydrodynamic excitation is established. The vibration and frequency characteristics of the piezoelectric transducers are analyzed by measuring the sound pressure and the piezoelectric generator voltage. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the frequency of hydrodynamic acoustic source is slightly lower than that of piezoelectric generator’s natural frequency. Maximum output power is obtained when the inflow speed is in the range of 128 m/s-148 m/s, the corresponding hydrodynamic acoustic source frequency is 6.9 %-8.7 % lower than the natural frequency of the piezoelectric generator. Excitation force Fex and the displacements of piezoelectric plate are in same frequency. But Fex is ahead of phase angle ψ than the displacement of piezoelectric plate

Evolution of the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Muscle Gene Therapy: Translation from Clinical Trial to Benchtop and Back Again

Alpha-one antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a genetic disease affecting the lungs due to inadequate anti-protease activity in the pulmonary interstitium. On-going human trials use intra-muscular delivery of adeno-associated virus (rAAV1), allowing expressing myofibers to secrete normal (M)AAT protein. In the Phase IIa trial, patients in the highest dose cohort (6x1012vg/kg) were given 100 intra-muscular (IM) injections of undiluted vector, with serum AAT levels still substantially below target levels. Previous work has shown that delivering rAAV vector to the musculature via limb perfusion leads to widespread gene expression in myofibers. We hypothesize that widespread delivery would result in an overall increase in serum AAT levels with the same dose of AAV gene therapy vector and allow for increased volume and thereby dose of vector. In macaques, similar serum myc-tagged rhAAT was produced using regional venous infusion when compared to direct IM delivery at the same total vg dose with either rAAV1 or rAAV8, while not being limited to a small volume as with IM injection. These data prove the concept that a 30-fold expanded volume of rAAV-AAT could be delivered to myofibers using limb perfusion without loss of potency on a per vg basis, thereby enabling potential achievement of therapeutic AAT levels in patients. This will allow us to proceed to a phase IIb clinical trial in AAT patients employing venous limb perfusion

Serum Levels of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin following Vascular Limb or Intra-Muscular Delivery of AAV1 or AAV8 Gene Therapy Vectors in Rhesus Macaques

Alpha-one antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a genetic disease that results in both lung disease and potentially liver failure in affected patients. In un-affected people AAT is produced in the liver and secreted to act as an anti-protease (primarily counteracting the effects of neutrophil elastase) in the lung. On-going human clinical trials have focused on intra-muscular delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV1) to patients. The goal of delivery to the muscle is to have the myocytes serve as bio-factories to produce normal AAT protein and secrete it into the blood where it can exert its normal function in the lung. In the last Phase II trial patients in the highest dose cohort were given 100 intra-muscular (IM) injections with serum AAT levels still below therapeutic thresholds. Previous work has shown that delivering AAV vector to the musculature of the limb via the vasculature, while blood flow is obstructed using a tourniquet, leads to wide-spread gene expression in myocytes. We hypothesize that local delivery via IM injection results in saturated AAT expression within the myocytes surrounding the injection sight and that a more widespread delivery would result in an overall increase in serum AAT levels with the same dose of AAV gene therapy vector due to production by a larger overall number of myocytes. We have been able to show that we can attain similar or slightly higher (573.0 ng/ml versus 562.5 ng/nl) serum AAT levels using a vascular delivery method in rhesus macaques when compared to IM delivery. These results have been obtained using AAV1. Animals receiving either AAV1 or AAV8 show a decrease in muscle immune cell infiltrates following intra-vascular delivery versus IM delivery, which may improve long-term expression. Serum AAT data from animals dosed using AAV8, a serotype shown to better target muscle following vascular delivery, are currently being processed

Effects of increased phosphorus fertilizer on C, N, and P stoichiometry in different organs of bluegrass (Poa L.) at different growth stages

IntroductionThe application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer can promote photosynthesis in forage grasses and accelerate their establishment.MethodsTo improve the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer for bluegrass (Poa L.) in alpine regions, the effects of P fertilizer on their growth, and carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and P distribution in their different organs of them are tested at six P fertilization levels (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 g·m−2).Results(1) The nutrient content in each organ of bluegrass varies during different growth stages, with the lowest nutrient content occurring in the wilt stage. (2) The response of the nutrient content and ratio of each organ of bluegrass to different P fertilization levels varies. When the P application rate was 15 g·m−2, the contents of N and P in roots were the highest, and their C/N and C/P ratios were the lowest. When the P application rate was 12 g·m−2, the contents of N and P in the stems were the highest, and their C/N and C/P ratios were the lowest. When the P application rate was 9 g·m−2, the contents of N and P in leaves were the highest, and their C/N and C/P ratios were the lowest. When the P application rate was 6 g·m−2 the contents of N and P in the panicle were the highest, and their C/N and C/P ratios were the lowest.DiscussionThese results provide a better understanding of the effect of P fertilization in the nutrient partitioning pattern of perennial forage plant organs in alpine regions. The information from this study can support a more reasonable P fertilization for the establishment of early grassland. For example, in artificial forage grassland, the application of low-concentration P fertilizer (6~9 g·m−2) can promote the nutrient content in spikes and stems of forage grass; for ecological management, the application of high-concentration P fertilizer (15 g·m−2) can promote the nutrient content in roots and enhance the ecological benefits of forage grassland