15 research outputs found
Cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric rheumatic diseases: a review
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is familiar to pediatric rheumatologists mainly as a cause of opportunistic disease in pharmacologically immune suppressed patients. However, HCMV also has a variety of immuno-modulatory effects, through which it may influence the course of rheumatic conditions. In this article we discuss the interplay between HCMV and the immune system, and review the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of HCMV infection in children with rheumatic disease
Corporation taxes in the European Union: Slowly moving toward comprehensive business income taxation?
This paper is a substantial revision of a paper presented at the 71st Annual Congress
of the International Institute of Public Finance (Dublin, 20â23 August, 2015), which was issued under the
title Tackling Spillovers by Taxing Corporate Income in the European Union at Source, as CPB Discussion
Paper 324 (February 2016) and as CESifo Working Paper No. 5790 (March 2016).This paper surveys and evaluates the corporation tax systems of the Member
States of the European Union on the basis of a comprehensive taxonomy of actual
and potential regimes, which have as their base either profits; profits, interest and royalties;
or economic rents. The current regimes give rise to various instate and interstate
spillovers, which violate the basic tenetsâneutrality and subsidiarityâof the single
market. The trade-offs between the implications of these tenetsâharmonization and
diversity, respectivelyâcan be reconciled by a bottom-up strategy of strengthening
source-based taxation and narrowing differences in tax rates. The strategy starts with
dual income taxation, proceeds with final source withholding taxes and rate coordination,
and is made complete by comprehensive business income taxation. Common
base and cash flow taxation are not favored.http://link.springer.com/journal/10797am2017Economic