Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Cohort of Vaccinated Subjects and Seropositive Patients

COVID-19 is a current global threat, and the characterization of antibody response is vitally important to update vaccine development and strategies. In this study we assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (N = 272) and subjects vaccinated with the BNT162b2 m-RNA COVID-19 vaccine (N = 1256). For each participant, socio-demographic data, COVID-19 vaccination records, serological analyses, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status were collected. IgG antibodies against S1/S2 antigens of SARS-CoV-2 were detected. Almost all vaccinated subjects (99.8%) showed a seropositivity to anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG and more than 80% of vaccinated subjects had IgG concentrations > 200 AU/mL. In a Tobit multivariable regression analysis, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was statistically significantly associated with increased IgG concentrations (β coef = 266.4; p < 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations was found with older age (β coef = -1.96 per year increase; p < 0.001), male sex (β coef = -22.3; p < 0.001), and days after immunization (β coef = -1.67 per day increase; p < 0.001). Our findings could support the vaccination campaigns confirming the high immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine under investigation with respect to the natural infection. Further studies will be required for evaluating the role of age and days after immunization in the persistence of vaccine antibodies and protection from the disease

Growth variability in Atlantic horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Linneus, 1758) across the central Mediterranean Sea: contrasting latitudinal gradient and different ecosystems

Data on Atlantic horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Linneus, 1758) were collected along 8-year acoustic surveys (2011-2018). Age and growth variability of horse mackerel from the Central Mediterranean Sea were investigated within different, contrasting habitats, from the south of Sicily to the north Tyrrhenian (Ligurian Sea). Data from satellite provided the habitat features along the study period over the whole surveyed area. For comparison purposes, according to the ecosystems difference the study area has been split into four subareas: Strait of Sicily (SoS), North of Sicily (NS), south Tyrrhenian Sea (ST) and north Tyrrhenian Sea (NT). In terms of the FAO Geographical Sub-Area definition the SoS corresponding to GSA15 and 16, NS to GSA 10 south, ST to GSA10 north and NT to GSA 9. Results showed a growth homogeneity in the study area, suggesting a unique stock inhabiting these waters. The only exception was recorded for juveniles (Age 0 class) in the SoS, where a lower size at age was detected compared to other areas. A multiple linear modelling analyses suggested that variability in length at age 0 was mainly linked to the oceanographic differences between an upwelling driven system (Strait of Sicily) and the other ecosystems, where enrichment processes are mainly due to river runoff (relevant in ST and NT). Namely, Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT) and body condition factor (Kn) were significantly related to differences in length at age 0. Results revealed that currents (and gyres) are among the principal abiotic factors controlling Atlantic horse mackerel growth in its first year of life, suggesting that circulation and food-related processes (i.e., zooplankton concentration) are of major importance for this species. Finally preliminary observations suggest the Strait of Sicily may be the main spawning area among those analyzed

Variability of water mass properties in the Strait of Sicily in summer period of 1998–2013

The Strait of Sicily plays a crucial role in determining the water-mass exchanges and related properties between the western and eastern Mediterranean. Hydrographic measurements carried out from 1998 to 2013 allowed the identification of the main water masses present in the Strait of Sicily: a surface layer composed of Atlantic water (AW) flowing eastward, intermediate and deep layers mainly composed of Levantine intermediate water (LIW), and transitional eastern Mediterranean deep water (tEMDW) flowing in the opposite direction. Furthermore, for the first time, the signature of intermittent presence of western intermediate water (WIW) is also highlighted in the northwestern part of the study area (12.235◦ E, 37.705◦ N). The excellent area coverage allowed to highlight the high horizontal and vertical inter-annual variability affecting the study area and also to recognize the permanent character of the main mesoscale phenomena present in the surface water layer. Moreover, strong temperature-salinity correlations in the intermediate layer, for specific time intervals, seem to be linked to the reversal of surface circulation in the central Ionian Sea. The analysis of CTD data in deeper water layer indicates the presence of a large volume of tEMDW in the Strait of Sicily during the summers of 2006 and 2009.peer-reviewe

Relazione tecnica sulle attività della Campagna oceanografica "Ancheva 2008"

La presente relazione riporta le attività di ricerca svolte nella Campagna oceanografica "Ancheva 2008", nel periodo dal 4 al 14 Agosto 2008 a bordo della N/O "G. Dallaporta". Le suddette attività sono state parte integrante del Progetto "lAboratori di testing per dispositivi eLettroacustici, sensorI oceanograFici e metodologie finalizzati al monitoraggio dello stato delle risorse biologiche del mare" (ALIF), finanziato dal CIPE attraverso l’Assessorato Industria della Regione Sicilia. Alla Campagna oceanografica hanno partecipato i seguenti Enti: 1. Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC), CNR, U.O. (TP); 2. Istituto Scienze Marine (ISMAR–CNR), Sezione Pesca Marittima, CNR, Ancona; 3. FAO - MedSudMed Project; 4. Malta Centre for Fisheries Sciences (MCFS), Fort S. Lucjan, MarsaXlokk, Malta. L'obiettivo della Campagna oceanografica è stato quello di valutare la distribuzione e l’abbondanza di piccoli pelagici, prevalentemente sardina (Sardina pilchardus) e acciuga (Engraulis encrasicolus), con l’impiego di strumentazione elettroacustica. Nella prima parte, l’area di lavoro è stata delimitata dalla piattaforma meridionale della Sicilia (da Marsala a oltre Capo Passero), nella seconda parte è stata poi studiata la piattaforma continentale di Malta. Le attività svolte sono di seguito descritte sinteticamente: - Rilevazioni acustiche degli stock di piccoli pelagici con echosounder scientifico “Simrad EK60”, con trasduttori split beam a scafo; - Campionamenti biologici di piccoli pelagici con rete pelagica dotata di sistema acustico “Simrad ITI” per il controllo della geometria della rete durante le attività di campionamento; - Campionamento acqua per la misurazione dei parametri fisico-chimici della colonna d’acqua con la sonda multiparametrica “Seabird 9/11”

Fluid escape structures revealing volcanic and tectonic activity in the Graham Bank (Sicily Channel)

The Graham Bank (NW Sicily Channel, Central Mediterranean) is characterised by a complex seafloor morphology, where morphostructural highs, submarine plain, escarpments, and negative and positive relieves indicate a complex structural setting and the occurrence of seepage fluids. New high-resolution acoustic data (multibeam, Chirp profiles) and multi-channel profiles, allowed us to differentiate two main morphological sectors, and to identify several pockmarks and mounds linked to fluid escape phenomena. The eastern sector, corresponding to the volcanic edifices of the Graham Bank, is characterised by volcanic context with rough morphology, several mounds, focused seepage plumes and magmatic acoustic substrate, all related to the activity forming both the Graham Bank and the new volcanic cones here identified. The western sector displays a generally flat morphology dominated by Late Pleistocene-Holocene outer shelf deposits, where mounds and pockmarks with sub-circular and ellipsoidal shapes, V- to U-shaped in cross-section, are the prevailing features indicating the migration of fluids to the seafloor. These two areas are separated by a vertical deep fault forming a deeply incised channel with NW-SE direction. The latter is bordered by steep walls forming fault escarpments, which shed the eroded materials to the adjacent lower slope and deep-water zones. The overall morphostructural setting suggests a tectonic control in the morphological conformation of the seabed and in the distribution of both pockmarks and mounds. The aligned mounds have both NW-SE and NNW-SSE orientation, sometimes extending several hundred metres and forming hummocky surfaces. The aligned pockmarks are strictly comparable to the orientation of the faults related to the most recent tectonic activity. The good correlation between fluid escape structures and the main fault systems involving the kilometric sedimentary cover suggests that the degassing of fluids is rooted in depth revealing that extensional tectonics acts with very deep subvertical recent faults developing along and reactivating the Cenozoic (both Plio-Quaternary and Messinian) and Mesozoic tectonic systems.peer-reviewe

Calreticulin Ins5 and Del52 mutations impair unfolded protein and oxidative stress responses in K562 cells expressing CALR mutants

Somatic mutations of calreticulin (CALR) have been described in approximately 60-80% of JAK2 and MPL unmutated Essential Thrombocythemia and Primary Myelofibrosis patients. CALR is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone responsible for proper protein folding and calcium retention. Recent data demonstrated that the TPO receptor (MPL) is essential for the development of CALR mutant-driven Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs). However, the precise mechanism of action of CALR mutants haven't been fully unraveled. In this study, we showed that CALR mutants impair the ability to respond to the ER stress and reduce the activation of the pro-apoptotic pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Moreover, our data demonstrated that CALR mutations induce increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, leading to increase oxidative DNA damage. We finally demonstrated that the downmodulation of OXR1 in CALR-mutated cells could be one of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the increased sensitivity to oxidative stress mediated by mutant CALR. Altogether, our data identify novel mechanisms collaborating with MPL activation in CALR-mediated cellular transformation. CALR mutants negatively impact on the capability of cells to respond to oxidative stress leading to genomic instability and on the ability to react to ER stress, causing resistance to UPR-induced apoptosis