16 research outputs found

    Thermodynamic Properties and Similarity of Stacked-Cup Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Graphite

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    The heat capacity of stacked-cup multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was measured in an adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range of (5 to 370) K. Results are compared with literature data on various samples of CNTs and other carbon allotropes. The relatively large scatter of the heat capacity data for CNTs is discussed. The energy of combustion for MWCNTs was determined by combustion calorimetry, and the enthalpy of formation was found to be Δ<sub>f</sub><i>H</i>°<sub>m</sub> = (0.6 ± 0.9) kJ·mol<sup>–1</sup>. It is demonstrated that the thermodynamic properties of MWCNTs at <i>T</i> > 200 K are close to those of graphite. Equilibria of the synthesis of MWCNTs were considered

    Physicochemical Properties of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Nanofluids: Density, Heat Capacity, and Enthalpy of Formation

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    The heat capacity of ionic nanofluids (INF) of stacked-cup multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and [C<sub>4</sub>mim]­BF<sub>4</sub> and [C<sub>4</sub>mim]­PF<sub>6</sub> ionic liquids (IL) as well as their components was measured over the temperature range of 80–370 K. The specific heat capacity of INF was found be an additive quantity of specific heat capacities of the components. The temperatures of glass transition and fusion of IL in INF did not observably change compared to pure IL. The enthalpy of formation of ([C<sub>4</sub>mim]­BF<sub>4</sub>+MWCNT) INF from its components was found to be negligible compared to the uncertainty of the measurements. All these facts confirm liophobic nature of the studied INF and provide the opportunity to predict thermodynamic properties of similar INF from the data on individual components. The apparent density of the studied MWCNT in INF is lower than those in their unstable dispersions with ionic and molecular liquids due to the high viscosity of INF not allowing penetration of ions into MWCNT and removal of gases from inner parts of MWCNT. The structural parameters of the studied MWCNT were estimated from the obtained density data

    Thermodynamic Properties of Plant Biomass Components. Heat Capacity, Combustion Energy, and Gasification Equilibria of Lignin

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    Heat capacities and enthalpies of formation were determined for two samples of lignin obtained from rape straw by different methods. The obtained experimental results allowed us to obtain the values of thermodynamic properties for this material. The equilibria of the processes of lignin gasification were considered. The adiabatic temperatures of the gasification and energetic characteristics of the products of lignin thermolysis were evaluated
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