EurOP2E – the European Open Platform for Prescribing Education, a consensus study among clinical pharmacology and therapeutics teachers

Purpose Sharing and developing digital educational resources and open educational resources has been proposed as a way to harmonize and improve clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education in European medical schools. Previous research, however, has shown that there are barriers to the adoption and implementation of open educational resources. The aim of this study was to determine perceived opportunities and barriers to the use and creation of open educational resources among European CPT teachers and possible solutions for these barriers. Methods CPT teachers of British and EU medical schools completed an online survey. Opportunities and challenges were identified by thematic analyses and subsequently discussed in an international consensus meeting. Results Data from 99 CPT teachers from 95 medical schools were analysed. Thirty teachers (30.3%) shared or collaboratively produced digital educational resources. All teachers foresaw opportunities in the more active use of open educational resources, including improving the quality of their teaching. The challenges reported were language barriers, local differences, lack of time, technological issues, difficulties with quality management, and copyright restrictions. Practical solutions for these challenges were discussed and include a peer review system, clear indexing, and use of copyright licenses that permit adaptation of resources. Conclusion Key challenges to making greater use of CPT open educational resources are a limited applicability of such resources due to language and local differences and quality concerns. These challenges may be resolved by relatively simple measures, such as allowing adaptation and translation of resources and a peer review system

Contribution a l' etude de la diversite genotypique et des potentialites de transfert de plasmides parmi des isolats naturels de Rhizobium leguminosarum

*INRA Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Sols BP 86510 21065 Dijon cedex (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Sols BP 86510 21065 Dijon cedex (FRA) Diplôme : Dr. d'Universit

Diversity and stability of transfer in isolates from a single field population of Rhizobium leguminosaum bv. viciae

International audienc

Comparaison of geographically distant populations of Rhizobium isolated from root nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris

International audienc

Rhizobium associated with field-grown Phaseolus vulgaris L.

International audienc

Conformity band diversity among field isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae, bv.trifolii, and bv.phaseoli revealed by DNA hybridization using chromosome and plasmid probes

International audienc

One Health concepts and challenges for surveillance, forecasting and mitigation of plant disease beyond the traditional scope of crop production

International audienceThe One Health approach to understanding disease epidemiology and achieving surveillance and prevention is holistic all while focusing on zoonotic diseases. Many of its principles are similar to those espoused in Agroecology, begetting the question of what One Health can contribute - in practice - to preventing plant disease. Here we describe four knowledge challenges for plant health management that have arisen from the One Health experience for zoonotic diseases that could boost prospects for novel approaches to plant disease surveillance, prediction and prevention. The challenges are to i) uncover reservoirs and revise pathogen life histories, ii) elucidate drivers of virulence beyond the context of direct host-pathogen interactions, iii) account for the natural highways of long distance dissemination (i.e., surface water and air mass movement), and iv) update disease forecasts in the face of changing land use, cultivation practices and climate. Furthermore, we note that implementation of a One Health approach to disease surveillance and prevention will require mobilization of tools to deal with the representation and accessibility of massive and heterogeneous data and knowledge; with knowledge inference, data science, modelling, and pattern recognition; and multi-actor approaches that unite different sectors of society as well as different scientific disciplines. The infrastructure to build and the obstacles to overcome for a bona fide One Health approach to disease surveillance and prevention are the key commonalities where actors in the efforts to prevent zoonotic diseases and plant disease can work together for human, animal and plant health and sustainable management of biodiversity

Conformity and diversity among field isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv.viciae, bv.trifolii, and bv.phaseoli revealed by DNA hybridization using chromosome and plasmid probes

International audienc

Pervasive reservoirs, long distance aerial spread, variable host range: integrating the challenges of anticipating disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae

International audiencePseudomonas syringae is more frequently reported as causing new diseases than are any other group of plant pathogenic bacteria and even certain fungi [1]. Management of emerging plant diseases has been, up to present, a post-hoc effort involving development of diagnostics deployed in agricultural contexts to find traces of the emerging strains. Many plant pathogens can survive and multiply as saprophytes, although little research has been devoted to understanding the extent to which saprophytic phases impact pathogen evolution and disease emergence. P. syringae is found in a multitude of habitats within and beyond agricultural contexts. Habitats outside of agriculture harbor the greatest genetic diversity including strains with the greatest potential for aggressiveness as plant pathogens [1]. All these strains are disseminated by water – including major rivers used for irrigation – and by wind until they are deposited with precipitation [2]. To develop a surveillance system that accounts for a more comprehensive scope of P. syringae reservoirs and dissemination we have i) produced maps of the trajectories of its air and water dissemination in a French river basin based on network analyses of meteorological and hydrological data that we superimposed on land use for this region, and ii) conducted comprehensive pathogenicity tests of strains in the P. syringae complex to identify indicators of its host range within and beyond angiosperms. Detection of environmental reservoirs and natural long distance movement of P. syringae raises questions about agronomic practices for management of plant health that will be discussed in the presentation

More than food: Why restoring the cycle of organic matter in sustainable plant production is essential for the One Health nexus

International audienceOne Health professes that the health of organisms is interconnected through the exploitation of planetary resources, trade, and transportation, in particular. The impetus for the emergence of this concept in the early 2000s was knowledge of the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases that put humans at risk to diseases carried by animals. In spite of the intended comprehensiveness of One Health, the place of plant health in this concept is vague, and few issues about plant health are debated in the scientific literature related to One Health. Here, we explore the history of concepts related to One Health in an attempt to understand why there is this schism between the plant sciences and the medical and veterinary sciences beyond the prism of zoonotic diseases. We illustrate the rich history of concepts in the plant sciences concerning the oneness of plants, animals and humans, and the debates about the definition and scope of sustainability that are precursors to One Health. These concepts continue to be foundations for research and development, particularly for food security and food safety. The emergence of these concepts from plant sciences was based on fundamental understanding of the food web – where plants are food for humans and animals whose digestive processes create important resources for plant growth and health. Yet, this latter part of the food web – recycling of manures in particular – was ruptured during modernization of agriculture. We explain how attaining sustainable One Health depends on restoring this part of the food web via soil stewardship, whose principal guarantors are the ensemble of actors in plant production