Tunesiens Wahl setzt ein Zeichen, eine Wende ist sie nicht: Nach der Parlamentswahl blockiert der Konflikt um Staats- und Gesellschaftsmodell weiterhin Institutionen und Reformen

Die Parlamentswahl vom 26. Oktober zeigt, dass viele Wähler ein islamistisches Staatsmodell für Tunesien ablehnen. Sie verdeutlicht auch, wie zersplittert und zerstritten die Befürworter eines säkularen Modells sind, obwohl ihre Zusammenarbeit mehr denn je notwendig wäre, um Reformen umzusetzen und einen modernen, am Staatsbürgerkonzept ausgerichteten Staat aufzubauen. Europa sollte eine Konsensfindung zwischen den Säkularen unterstützen, damit Tunesien international zukunftsfähig bleibt

Averaged positive and negative allelic effects and their standard deviations in tropical versus temperate NAM populations.

<p>Averaged positive and negative allelic effects and their standard deviations in tropical versus temperate NAM populations.</p

Maize flowering time priori candidate genes.

<p>Maize flowering time priori candidate genes are identified via enrichment of GWAS associations; and, the annotations are taken from their orthologous relationship to <i>Arabidopsis</i> genes.</p

The distribution of allelic effects in maize days-to-silk associations. The unit of allelic effect is in day(s).

<p>The distribution of allelic effects in maize days-to-silk associations. The unit of allelic effect is in day(s).</p

The distribution of association QTLs across NAM families.

<p>NAM GWAS associations identify a few cases of family specific QTL, while QTL found in previous joint-linkage analysis are mostly shared by 7 or 8 families.</p

Flowering time variation association enrichment LOD scores comparison in different curation categories.

<p>1: maize flowering time orthologs; 2: maize leaf genes (in Feng <i>et </i><i>al</i>. 2010); 3: maize miRNA target leaf genes; 4: biosynthetic process (GO:0009058); 5: developmental process (GO:0032502); 6: enzyme regulator activity (GO:0030234); 7: growth (GO:0040007); 8: negative regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0048585); 9: positive regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0050729) and 10: transcription regulator activity (GO:0030528). GO terms in 6 and 10 are from molecular function GO terms, while the rest of the GO terms come from biological process.</p

The comparison of estimated linkage block sizes with perfect linkage (<i>r²</i> = 1), high linkage (1><i>r²</i>≥0.8), intermediate linkage (1><i>r²</i>≥0.6 and 0.4) and low linkage (1><i>r²</i>≥0.2).

<p>The comparison of estimated linkage block sizes with perfect linkage (<i>r²</i> = 1), high linkage (1><i>r²</i>≥0.8), intermediate linkage (1><i>r²</i>≥0.6 and 0.4) and low linkage (1><i>r²</i>≥0.2).</p

Maize flowering time related homologs, resulted from the comparison between <i>Arabidopsis</i> and maize genes by Compara pipeline.

<p>Maize flowering time related homologs, resulted from the comparison between <i>Arabidopsis</i> and maize genes by Compara pipeline.</p

SNPs, GWAS associations, flowering time homologs and gene density on maize chromosome 3.

<p>In (a), the top panel shows the days-to-silk GWAS signals; blue triangles are the positive QTLs, the red are negative ones and the light blue ones at the bottom indicative of insignificant SNPs that did not pass RMIP test. SNP density along the chromosome is in grey bars in the background and significance level of RIMP scores is in the axis on the left. The gene density, calculated from the number of maize gene in every 200K bp, are in the lower panel, while the black triangles on the bottom of the density distribution mark the positions of maize flowering time homologs. Two dashed vertical lines indicate the positions of the examples in two top enriched flowering time maize homologs. (b) The enrichment of maize flowering time priori candidate: GRMZM2G115960. In this case, the co-localizing significant QTLs found in GWAS are all within the linkage block of the <i>a priori</i> candidate. (c) The enrichment of maize flowering time priori candidate: GRMZM2G365688. Three (solid red dots) of 6 significantly QTLs reside within linkage block of <i>a priori</i> candidate; the 3 unfilled red dots outside of the dashed red lines are significant, but unlinked, GWAS associations, while black dots being maize Hapmap 1 SNPs.</p

Synthetic Efforts Towards Small Molecule Solutions for Organophosphorus Nerve AgentPoisoning and Protease Inhibition

Germplasm information (PDF 96 kb