The population of hot subdwarf stars studied with Gaia II. The Gaia DR2 catalogue of hot subluminous stars

Based on data from the ESA Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) and several ground-based, multi-band photometry surveys we compiled an all-sky catalogue of $39\,800$ hot subluminous star candidates selected in Gaia DR2 by means of colour, absolute magnitude and reduced proper motion cuts. We expect the majority of the candidates to be hot subdwarf stars of spectral type B and O, followed by blue horizontal branch stars of late B-type (HBB), hot post-AGB stars, and central stars of planetary nebulae. The contamination by cooler stars should be about $10\%$. The catalogue is magnitude limited to Gaia $G<19\,{\rm mag}$ and covers the whole sky. Except within the Galactic plane and LMC/SMC regions, we expect the catalogue to be almost complete up to about $1.5\,{\rm kpc}$. The main purpose of this catalogue is to serve as input target list for the large-scale photometric and spectroscopic surveys which are ongoing or scheduled to start in the coming years. In the long run, securing a statistically significant sample of spectroscopically confirmed hot subluminous stars is key to advance towards a more detailed understanding of the latest stages of stellar evolution for single and binary stars.Comment: 13 pages, A&A, accepte

Palmer Amaranth Control and Sorghum Response to Tank Mixtures of Huskie

Although Huskie treatments caused significant chlorosis, the sorghum recovered fully and chlorosis did not affect yield. All tank mixes of Huskie provided good Palmer amaranth control at all rating dates. Starane NXT provided poor Palmer amaranth control at all rating dates. All tank mixes of Huskie significantly elevated yield compared to the untreated controls or Starane NXT treatments

Weed Control with Single or Sequential Herbicide Applications in Acetolactase Synthase-Tolerant Grain Sorghum

Palmer amaranth control was best when Resolve (rimsulfuron) plus Harmony GT (thifensulfuron) and Abundit Extra (glyphosate) were applied 15 days preplant fol­lowed by Zest (nicosulfuron) and atrazine postemergence, or by Zest plus atrazine alone postemergence. Palmer amaranth control was less than 80% with all other herbicide treatments. Preemergence herbicides alone provided less than 60% green foxtail control at 53 days after postemergence applications, and Zest plus atrazine alone postemergence controlled green foxtail 70%. Sequential applications of preemergence and postemer­gence herbicides were needed to provide the best green foxtail control. The relatively low weed control provided by these treatments may be partially explained by excessive precipitation and irrigation during the study

Efficacy of Lumax EZ, Atrazine, Acuron, Armezon, Sharpen, Outlook, Verdict, and Prowl H2O in Irrigated Glyphosate-Resistant Corn

All treatments provided statistically superior control of Palmer amaranth compared to the control or a single application of glyphosate. All treatments provided excellent control of all other weed species. Although all herbicide tank mixes elevated corn yield compared to the control, there were no statistically significant differences among herbicides in their ability to do so

Weed Control with Accent, Callisto, Isoxadifen, Impact, Cinch, Dicamba, and Atrazine in Irrigated Corn

Some timings and combinations of the herbicides tested in this study controlled Palmer amaranth, kochia, quinoa, Russian thistle, and green foxtail from 95 to 100% 51 days after postemergence application (DA-B). Accent (nicosulfuron) plus Callisto (mesotri­one) and isoxadifen alone postemergence provided 88% Palmer amaranth control at 51 DA-B. Kochia control was 92 and 90% when Accent plus Callisto and isoxadifen alone or with atrazine and Dicamba XP (dicamba) was applied postemergence following Cinch (S-metolachlor) preemergence application. Crabgrass control with preemergence followed by postemergence treatments exceeded 89%. Crabgrass control was 83 and 88% when no preemergence herbicide was applied prior to postemergence herbicides. No herbicide treatment increased corn yield relative to the untreated controls

Fallow Weed Control with Preemergence Applications of Balance Pro, Corvus, Banvel, Atrazine, and Authority MTZ

Atrazine alone applied in the fall was less effective for kochia and Russian thistle control than other fall- or spring-applied herbicides in early summer. In mid season, control of kochia and Russian thistle was 85% or less with all fall-applied herbicides. Banvel (dicamba) increased kochia control when added to Balance Pro (isoxaflutole), plus Autumn Super (iodosulfuron + thiencarbazone), plus atrazine applied in the spring at mid season. All other spring herbicides were similar for kochia control. Russian thistle control was similar among all spring-applied herbicides except atrazine plus Banvel

Weed Control and Crop Injury with Single or Sequential Herbicide Applications in Grain Sorghum

The preemergence application of Dual II Magnum (S-metolachlor) improved the over­all weed control compared to single postemergence treatments. Excessive rainfall after preemergence application compromised all treatments, producing abnormally low weed control

Fallow Weed Control with Postemergence Applications of AGH15004, AG14039, Roundup PowerMax, and Atrazine

All treatments except AGH15004 at 1.5 pt/a plus Roundup PowerMax (glyphosate) and nonionic surfactant provided more than 95% kochia control at 14 days after treatment (DAT). By 28 DAT, only those treatments containing atrazine provided greater than 95% kochia control. However, kochia control at 42 DAT was greater than 90% with all treatments except Roundup PowerMax plus nonionic surfactant

Alion, Sencor, and Sharpen for Preemergence Kochia Control in an Abandoned Alfalfa Field

Alion (indaziflam) combined with Sencor (metribuzin) were the most effective herbi­cides for kochia control. Sharpen (saflufenacil) alone or with Prowl H2O (pendimeth­alin), Sencor, or Alion was less effective at controlling kochia compared to Alion plus Sencor. By 91 days after treatment (DAT), Alion at rates above 3 oz/a plus Sencor were more effective than lower rates for kochia control. However, all Alion plus Sencor treat­ments were better than Sharpen-containing tank mixes 91 DAT

Efficacy of Anthem, Anthem ATZ, Solstice, Keystone NXT, Corvus, and Surestart II in Glyphosate-Resistant Irrigated Corn

The best treatments provided excellent green foxtail, crabgrass, or shattercane control. All treatments dramatically increased corn yield compared to the control