17 research outputs found
The soft power of popular cinema: the case of India
Among BRICS nations, India has the most developed and globalised film industry, and the Indian government as well as corporations are increasingly deploying the power of Bollywood in their international interactions. India’s soft power, arising from its cultural and civilizational influence outside its territorial boundaries, has a long history. Focusing on contemporary India’s thriving Hindi film industry, this article suggests that the globalisation of the country’s popular cinema, aided by a large diaspora, has created possibilities of promoting India’s public diplomacy. It examines the global imprint of this cinema as an instrument of soft power
New technology for invert sugar and high fructose syrups from sugarcane
28-32The invert sugar is an equimolar mixture of
glucose and fructose. It may be obtained on hydrolysis of sucrose under milder conditions
using strong cationic resins. The fructose content may be increased to about 60
per cent level by a partial removal of glucose from invert sugar using the technique
of column chromatography. The resultant product is called high fructose syrups
(HFS) which is traditionally produced from starch. HFS may be produced from sucrose
with economic advantage by this novel process. The production of invert sugar and
high fructose syrups from sucrose (cane juice) is cost effective. It has been
commercialized in India.
This paper discusses the salient features of this novel technology, which results
in an effective 25 per cent increase in the sweetener output from the same quantity
of sugarcane as molasses as a waste product is avoided
Alkylation of phenols with isobutylene
The kinetics of absorption of isobutylene in molten phenol, p-cresol and pyrocatechol were studied in a stirred cell using concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The absorption of isobutylene in molten phenols was found to conform to pseudo-first-order mechanism. The products of various reactions were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. The absorption of isobutylene in mono-t-butyl derivatives of phenols was studied in an agitated glass reactor. It was possible to eliminate the effect of diffusion. The values for the rate constant of the second-order reactions between isobutylene and p-t-butylphenol at 104°, isobutylene and 2-t-butyl-p-cresol at 70° and isobutylene and 4-t-butylpyrocatechol at 104° were 49, 40 and 56 ml/g mole/sec, respectively. Mass transfer influenced the rate of alkylation of phenol and p-cresol with isobutylene in a bubble column. However, no significant improvement was observed in the yield of the mono-derivative, which in some cases is the desired product
Absorption of isobutylene in aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid
The kinetics of absorption of isobutylene in aqueous solutions of sulphuric acid in the range of concentrations of industrial importance was studied in a stirred cell and a jet apparatus. The pseudo-first order reaction rate constant at 30°C was found to vary from 56 sec to 7.87 × 10 sec over the sulphuric acid concentrations of 49.5 per cent (7.0 g mole/l.) to 71.0 per cent (11.75 g mole/l.). The apparent energy of activation was found to be 13.0 kcal/g mole