Comparison of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of ST-246® after IV Infusion or Oral Administration in Mice, Rabbits and Monkeys

ST-246® is an antiviral, orally bioavailable small molecule in clinical development for treatment of orthopoxvirus infections. An intravenous (IV) formulation may be required for some hospitalized patients who are unable to take oral medication. An IV formulation has been evaluated in three species previously used in evaluation of both efficacy and toxicology of the oral formulation. plasma concentrations. These effects were eliminated using slower IV infusions. associated toxicity. Shorter infusions at higher doses in NHP resulted in decreased clearance, suggesting saturated distribution or elimination. Elimination half-lives in all species were similar between oral and IV administration. The administration of ST-246 was well tolerated as a slow IV infusion

Waar spreken we (niet) over als we het over 'vrijheid van onderwijs' hebben? Een analyse van 'onderwijsvrijheid' als sensitizing concept

In dit artikel gaan we in op het concept onderwijsvrijheid. Aanleiding is het publieke debat rond de herprofilering van het GO! en het Katholiek Onderwijs Vlaanderen. Vrijheid van onderwijs verschijnt in deze discussie als de grondwettelijk vastgelegde vrijheid om als school richting te geven aan het pedagogische project. Het GO! zet in om de dialoog tussen verschillende levensbeschouwingen op voet van gelijkwaardigheid mogelijk te maken: in vrijheid, gelijkheid en solidariteit. Het Katholiek Onderwijs Vlaanderen herprofileert zich als ‘katholieke dialoogschool’ met aandacht voor de dialoog met andersgelovigen. Nu de richting van beider projecten sterk op elkaar begint te lijken, wordt onderwijsvrijheid (opnieuw) in vraag gesteld. Zonder voorbij te gaan aan de grondwettelijke onderwijsvrijheid willen we de vrijheid van onderwijs in deze studie ook vanuit andere perspectieven bekijken en bespreken. Dit doen we door onderwijsvrijheid te benaderen als een sensitizing concept. Eigen aan sensitizing concepts is dat ze bevraagd en geherdefinieerd kunnen worden. Op die manier willen we bijdragen tot een conceptverruiming van onderwijsvrijheid

ILT-Newsletter-2013_Feb_21

with a high EI recognizes her ability (or limitations) and uses multiple strategies to succeed (Goleman, 1995). This same high EI student is in touch with her emotions, recognizes personal stress levels, and can rationally navigate self through these feelings and stress levels (Goleman, 1995); this student can persist in her academic quest when others may not (Goleman, 1995). Emotions and self-awareness, components of emotional intelligence, are therefore integral to the academic or life success for students (Goleman, 1995). When a person is aware of self, bodily, emotionally, and cognitively, she can sense what is occurring to her and others, navigate her way through the challenging situation using multiple strategies (Doane and Varcoe, 2005) , and provide a space for academic success to occur

Isolation, characterization, and identification of bacterial contaminants in semifinal gelatin extracts

Bacterial contamination of gelatin is of great concern. Indeed, this animal colloid has many industrial applications, mainly in food and pharmaceutical products. In a previous study (E. De Clerck and P. De Vos, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 25:611-618), contamination of a gelatin production process with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated. In this study, bacterial contamination of semifinal gelatin extracts from several production plants was examined. Since these extracts are subjected to harsh conditions during production and a final ultrahigh-temperature treatment, the bacterial load at this stage is expected to be greatly reduced. In total, 1,129 isolates were obtained from a total of 73 gelatin batches originating from six different production plants. Each of these batches was suspected of having bacterial contamination based on quality control testing at the production plant from which it originated. For characterization and identification of the 1,129 bacterial isolates, repetitive-element PCR was used to obtain manageable groups. Representative strains were identified by means of 16S rRNA genesequencing, species-specific gyrB PCR, and gyrA and rpoB sequencing and were tested for gelatinase activity. The majority of isolates belonged to members of Bacillus or related endospore-forming genera. Representative strains were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus fumarioli, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus gelatini, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Anoxybacillus contaminans, Anoxybacillus flavithermus, Brevibacillus agri, Brevibacillus borstelensis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The majority of these species include strains exhibiting gelatinase activity. Moreover, some of these species have known pathogenic properties. These findings are of great concern with regard to the safety and quality of gelatin and its applications